1. England’s Glorious Revolution
World Studies
October 20

2. I. The Tudor Monarchs Henry VIII dies in 1547
His only son, Edward becomes king
He is 9 years old, dies 6 years later
His oldest daughter Mary becomes queen
Is Catholic, married to a Spaniard, crazy
Dies in 1558, leaves the throne to Elizabeth, hopes she’ll keep England Catholic

4. II. Elizabeth I Is queen of England for 45 years
Develops a huge modern navy
Allowed piracy to get a piece of trade
Spanish Armada attacks, England wins
Encourages exploration and development of colonies
Never marries, despite Parliament’s pleas
Literature flourished during the Golden Age - Shakespeare

5. III. James Stuart Elizabeth died in 1603 without an heir
Closest relative was James VI, king of Scotland
Son of Mary, Queen of Scots who had been dethroned by John Knox/the Presbyterians
Becomes king of England in 1603, James I
Leaves Scotland and moves to England
He was happy to leave, but the English were suspicious of him

6. The Stuarts

7. James and Religion James and Money
His mother had been Catholic, so English Catholics hoped he’d favor them
When he didn’t Guy Fawkes led the failed Gunpowder Plot to blow up Parliament
James and Money
Spent tons and tons of money; believed it was his right
Parliament tried to cut him off, so he sold titles to raise spending money

8. James’ Accomplishments
Commissioned the King James’ version of the Bible
Was very intelligent, furthered arts, sciences, and exploration
Jamestown Colony is named after him
Succession
James had 8 children
His second son, Charles, became king when he died

9. IV. Charles I Marries a French Catholic Problems with Parliament
Gives many government positions to Catholics
Most people aren’t happy about this
Problems with Parliament
Parliament won’t do anything for him
Parliament can’t meet unless the king calls them – he refuses to for 11 years
Creates new taxes to raise money

10. Problems with Religion
Tries to force people to accept a new prayer book
Protestants begin to revolt
Charles calls Parliament for help to raise an army to stop the revolt
They refused to unless he gave them more power
He dissolves Parliament & tries to arrest some members

11. V. English Civil War (1642-1651) Cavaliers vs. Roundheads
Cavaliers - the royalists who supported the king and monarchy
Roundheads - supporters of Parliament
Some were Puritans who wore their hair short
New Model Army, led by Oliver Cromwell, was well organized

12. Cavaliers and Cromwell

13. Charles I is forced to surrender in 1648
The Rump Parliament (those left after the royalists were kicked out) voted to execute the king

14. VI. Cromwell and the Commonwealth
A Puritan who disliked Catholicism
After Charles’ execution there were rumors that royalist Catholics in Ireland were killing Protestants
Cromwell went up and wiped out villages, seized Catholic land, and forbid Catholicism
England declares itself a republic
Infighting begins again in Parliament
Cromwell becomes Lord Protector (dictator)

15. VII. Restoration of the Monarchy
Cromwell died peacefully of malaria
Although he had discriminated against Catholics, he did improve other things for England
His son takes over, but is kicked out a few months later

16. VIII. Charles II Second son of Charles I
Had escaped to France after his father’s death
Moved to Scotland, where he was still recognized as king
Entered England with an army to fight Cromwell, but lost and had to retreat
Invited back to England to be king after Cromwell’s death

17. Gave amnesty (pardon) to all the Roundheads
Except those who voted for his father’s death
Was given strict limitations on his spending

18. Problems Great Plague of 1665
20% of the population dies, mostly the poor
London Fire of 1666
13,200 houses are burnt down
Fire kills the rats and fleas; ending the plague
Leads to brick/stone construction, fire depts., cleaner city

20. His wife could not have children; no heir
Wanted his brother to inherit, but Parliament wouldn’t allow it since he was Catholic
Since Parliament wouldn’t give him money he made a secret deal with France
Louis XIV gave him an allowance, but made him promise to convert to Catholicism
Does on his death bed

21. IX. James II Brother of Charles II, son of Charles I
Is allowed to become king after all
Decide he’s not a threat to Protestantism as he has no male heirs
His wife dies and he marries a Catholic who soon gives birth to a boy
Tries to force Catholicism, just as Bloody Mary did

22. X. William and Mary
Mary, James II’s Protestant daughter, is married to Protestant William of Orange
He’s older and he has a mistress; she’s homesick and subservient
England invites them to take the throne from James
They agree to come as co-rulers, but under Parliament’s conditions

24. XI. Glorious Revolution
William and Mary enter in 1688
A bloodless revolution; James has no support
Toleration Bill of 1689
Gives religious freedom to all Christians
Pass a Bill of Rights
Legally places the monarch under Parliament
No more absolute power in Great Britain
Mary dies in 1694, William in 1702
Her sister Anne becomes queen