1. Chapter Four: The Roman Legacy
Culture and Values, 7th Ed.
Cunningham and Reich

3. The Importance of Rome Cultural achievements Role of music
Assimilation of influences
Role of music
Historical division:
Monarchy/ Etruscan Age ( B.C.E.)
Republican Rome ( B.C.E.)
Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E. - C.E. 476)

4. The Etruscans and Their Art
Rome founded in mid-8th c. by Latins
Etruscans gained control by 616 B.C.E.
Urban centers, engineering
Social, leisure activities
Trade, expansion
Etruscan Art
Primitive but sophisticated, natural focus
Value emotion over intellectual appeal

5. The Bride & Bridegroom or Married Couple

6. [Image 4.2] Capitoline She-Wolf
4.3 Capitoline She-Wolf, c. 500–480 bce. Bronze, 2´71⁄2˝ (80 cm) high, 4´4˝ (1.32 m) long. Musei Capitolini, Rome, Italy//© Scala/Art Resource, NY

7. [Image 4.3] Apollo of Veii
4.4 Apollo of Veii, c. 510–500 bce. From the roof of the Portonaccio Temple, Veii, Italy. Painted terracotta, 5´11˝ (1.78 m) high. Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Rome, Italy//© Araldo de Luca/CORBIS

8. Wall painting from the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing
[Image 4.4]
Wall painting from the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing
4.5 Etruscan Scene of Fishing and Fowling, c. 520 bce. From the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing, Tarquinia, Italy. Fresco, detail 5´6˝ (1.67 m) high. © SEF/Art Resource, NY

9. Etruscan tombs – inside these tombs are an array of murals from which we can glimpse the lifestyle of these mysterious people.

10. Etruscan tomb mural – shows that music might have been more important to the Etruscans than Romans

11. Republican Rome Etruscan expulsion in 510 B.C.E. New government
Consuls, Senate, Patricians/Plebeians
Political equality / Balance of Power
Hortensian Law
Increasing power / expansion
Social and political unrest  civil war

12. [Image 4.6] The Roman Forum
4.7 Ruins of the Roman Forum, Rome, Italy. (© Richard T. Nowitz/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

13. Literary Developments During the Republic
Ennius ( B.C.E.)
Annals
Tragedies adapted from Greek models
Plautus ( B.C.E.) and Terence ( B.C.E.)
Roman adaptations of Greek comedies
Catullus (80-54 B.C.E.)
Roman lyric poetry
Influenced by Sappho

14. Quintus Ennius

15. Plautus

16. Catullus

17. Literary Developments During the Republic
Julius Caesar ( B.C.E.)
Commentaries
Assassinated on March 15, 44 B.C.E.
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Lawyer, orator
Epistolary legacy

18. Ciceronian Rhetoric Alliteration Allusion Analogy Antithesis Crescendo
Climax
Hyperbole
Juxtaposition
Metaphor
Onomatopoeia
Oxymoron
Personification
Simile

19. Roman Philosophy and Law Epicureanism
Founded by Epicurus ( B.C.E.)
Extolled by Lucretius (99-55 B.C.E.)
Intellectual and rational vs. self-indulgent
On the Nature of Things
Gods play no part in human affairs
Pleasure and calm composure

20. Roman Philosophy and Law Stoicism
World governed by Reason
Role of Divine Providence
Roman Stoics
Seneca
Epictetus
Marcus Aurelius

21. Roman Philosophy and Law
Julius Caesar’s Ius Civile
Law of the Twelve Tablets
Justinian’s Corpus Iuris Civilis
Roman science of law
Legal experts
Natural justice

22. Republican Art and Architecture
Roman portraiture
Realistic details
Express outer appearance and inner character
Propagandistic
Architecture as political medium
Public buildings for glory of leaders

23. [Image 4.7] Bust of Cicero
4.8 Bust of Cicero, 1st century bce. Uffi zi, Florence, Italy//© Alinari/Art Resource, NY

24. Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E. - C.E. 476)
Julius Caesar assassinated 44 B.C.E.
Battle of Actium (31 B.C.E.)
Octavian vs. Mark Antony
Octavian inaugurated as Augustus (27 B.C.E.)
Vast, multiethnic empire
Emperor, bureaucracy, civil service
Roman army

25. Publius Virgilius Maro (Virgil)

26. Augustan Literature: Vergil
Roman art promoted Augustan worldview
Official, public, served state purposes
Vergil’s Aeneid
Tribute to Rome and Augustus
National epic of Rome
Human destiny and personal responsibility
Eclogues (Bucolics) and Georgics