Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Chapter 2 Physical Earth
2
Solar System Earth, Sun, and stars Milky way galaxy
3
Days and Nights Orbit Revolution
The an oval-shaped path the Earth travels around the sun Revolution Circular journey around the sun 365 1/4 days
4
Days and Nights Axis Rotation Earth spins on it
An imaginary line running through the South and North Poles Rotation Each complete turn the Earth makes 24 hours
5
Understanding Seasons
Tilt Days and nights are longer or shorter Tilt and orbit also cause changes in Temperature during the seasons Depends on the directness of the sunlight hitting the area
6
Latitudes Equator 0 degrees
Mar and Sept , the sun is directly over the equator (date varies) Days are as long as nights Known as Spring and Fall Equinoxes
7
Tropics Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn
23 1/2 degrees N Sun shines directly above on June 20 – 22 (date varies) Summer solstice (1st day of summer) in Northern Hemisphere Tropic of Capricorn 23 1/2 degrees S Sun shines directly above on December 20 – 23 (date varies) Winter solstice (1st day of winter) in Northern Hemisphere Seasons reversed in Southern Hemisphere
8
Latitudes Low latitudes High latitudes Middle latitudes
Area between the Tropics (around the equator) Is almost always hot High latitudes 66 1/2 degrees N and S Polar Zones - no direct sunlight Very cold to bitterly cold Middle latitudes Temperate zones Have defined seasons - with distinct patterns of daylight, temperature, and weather
9
Forces inside the Earth
“Ring of Fire” Circles the Pacific Ocean 90% of Earth’s earthquakes happen here
10
What’s the Earth made of????
75% water 25% land Landforms Shapes and types of land Mountains Rise usually more than 2000 ft above sea level
11
What’s the Earth made of????
Hills Are lower and less steep than mountains with rounded tops Plateau A large mostly flat area that rises above the rest of the land Plains Large areas of flat or gently rolling land
12
Pangaea: Supercontinent
200 million years ago Some force caused Pangaea to split and start moving apart Plate Tectonics The theory that Earth’s crust is made of huge, slowly moving slabs of rock called plates Plates A huge section of the Earth’s crust
15
Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Plates move apart Magma leaks through, creates ridges Plates push together One going under the other Volcano produced Weak places where plates rub against each other Forces result in earthquakes
17
Forces on the Earth’s surface
Weathering Process that breaks rocks down into tiny pieces. Caused by rain, wind, ice (Appalachian Mountains - Rocky Mountains) Erosion Process by which water, wind, and ice wears away landforms and carries the material to another place
19
Air and Water Atmosphere Oxygen - people, animals
A multilayered band of gases that surrounds the Earth Oxygen - people, animals Carbon-dioxide- plants Nitrogen Acts as a blanket from the sun 97% of the Earth’s water is found in the oceans Salty water Fresh water Lakes, rivers, rain, ground, ice caps Show water cycle poster (also in their book p. 36)
20
Weather or Climate?? Weather Temperature How hot or cold the air feels
The condition of the bottom layer of Earth’s atmosphere in one place over a short period of time Day to day, rainy or dry Temperature How hot or cold the air feels Celsius - Metric Fahrenheit - Standard Kelvin – Scientific
21
Weather or Climate?? Precipitation
Water that falls to the ground as rain, sleet, hail, or snow
22
Weather or Climate?? Climate What effects climate?
The weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time What people know from experience from year to year What effects climate? Landforms, Elevation, Latitude
23
Wind Cycle Winds East - West winds North - South winds
Created by the Earth’s rotation North - South winds Hot air rises and circulates to colder regions Cold air sinks and moves toward hotter region Keeps the earth from overheating
24
Ocean Currents Currents Carry warm water Carry cold water
Created by earth’s rotation Fast moving rivers in the ocean Carry warm water Carry cold water Affects the climate of certain places North Atlantic warms British Isles Peru Current cools Galapagos Map on p. 41
26
Raging Storms Hurricanes Typhoons Tornadoes Rain Storms Blizzards
“Andrew”-Florida 1992 160,000 homeless “Katrina” - New Orleans 2005 1.5 Million Homeless in Gulf Coast $108 billion est. “Sandy” – East Coast 2012 200,000 homeless $65 billion est. Typhoons Similar to hurricane In the Pacific Tornadoes Rain Storms Blizzards
27
Climates Vegetation The plants that grow in an area
28
Landforms Landforms block or allow weather patterns Mountains block
Over time, weather becomes climate Mountains block Rain shadow Plains allow
29
Tropical Climates Two types of tropical climates Tropical wet climate
BOTH are hot and wet Tropical wet climate Two seasons Great deal of rain A little less rain Tropical wet and dry climate Much rain Very little rain
30
Tropical Climates Vegetation Canopy Adaption Tropical rain forest
The dense mass of leaves forming the top layer of the forest Adaption Very little light gets to the bottom of the forest
31
Dry Climates Arid and semiarid climates Vegetation
Hot and receive very little rain Vegetation Sparse, plants are far between
32
Moderate Climates Found in the middle latitudes Mediterranean
Marine west coast Humid subtropical In all three rain is moderate Seasonal changes Temperature hardly ever gets below freezing
33
Continental Climates Humid continental Subarctic continental
Summers hot, winters cold High grasses, large forests Subarctic continental Cool summers, winters cold Shorter grasses
34
Polar Climates High latitudes Tundra Cold all year long
Short cool summers, long even colder winters NO trees Very low grasses
35
Vertical Climates Vertical climate Average Lapse Rate
The climate changes according to the mountains height The higher you go the colder it gets Average Lapse Rate For every 1000 m in elevation, temp drops 6.4 C Top of Mt. Everest much like the climate of Antarctica
Similar presentations
