1. Helping Students Examine Their Reasoning
Design Question 3 – Element 18:
When the content is informational, how do teachers help students deepen their knowledge by examining their own reasoning or the logic of the information as presented to them?

2. Before we begin…
Before we begin talking about element 18, let’s be sure that there is an understanding about how the elements in Design Question 2 relate to Design Question 3. This is important as you plan your lessons. Watch the video on the next slide. Please identify the difference between the purpose of Design Question 2 and Design Question 3.

3. How is Design Question 3 different from Design Question 2?
Introduction to Design Question 3
DSBPC Pro Development. "Introduction to Design Question 3." YouTube. YouTube, 17 Jan Web. 10 Mar

4. How is Design Question 3 different from Design Question 2?
You should have noticed:
The purpose of Design Question 2 is to introduce new material to students while
The purpose of Design Question 3 is to give the students an opportunity to practice using material that was previously taught so that they deepen their understanding; therefore,
Teachers have to perform Design Question 2 before Design Question 3.
Now let’s talk about element 17, specifically.
DSBPC Pro Development. "Introduction to Design Question 3." YouTube. YouTube, 17 Jan Web. 10 Mar

5. Review Teacher and Student Evidence NOTE: This list of evidence is not all inclusive but is instead a list of possible examples.

6. Review Scale for Element 18

7. Desired Effect in the Students
The desired effect is, “Students can identify and articulate errors in logic or reasoning, or the structure of an argument, and explain new insights resulting from this analysis”. To receive an innovating rating, the teacher must adapt and create new strategies for unique student needs and situations in order for the desired effect to be evident in ALL students.

8. Before watching the video, think about…
How do you incorporate examining errors and reasoning in your instruction?
How do you engage students in meaningful activities that require them to examine their own reasoning or the logic of information presented?

9. Examples of Element 18: Helping Students Examine Their Reasoning
Element 18: Examining Errors in Reasoning
DSBPC Pro Development. "Element 18: Examining Errors in Reasoning. "YouTube. YouTube, 14 Feb Web. 10 Mar
Learning from Mistakes: Linear Equations
"Learning from Mistakes: Linear Equations." Teaching Channel. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar
My Favorite No: Learning From Mistakes
"My Favorite No: Learning From Mistakes." Teaching Channel. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar

10. Now that you have watched the video, reflect…
In addition to engaging students in examining their own reasoning or the logic of information presented, and in order to achieve an applying rating, how can you monitor the extent to which students are deepening their content knowledge?
To achieve an innovating rating, how might you adapt and create new techniques for helping students examine their reasoning, to address their unique needs and situations?

11. Remember…
It strengthens a student’s understanding of a concept or skill.
Introduce students to common errors by discussing and providing examples of errors in thinking, such as:
Faulty logic
Attacks
Weak references
Misinformation
Example: A teacher organizes students in teams of five and provides them with two current but contradictory articles on a topic. The teams analyze the articles for errors and present their findings to the entire class.
18. Helping Students Examine Their Reasoning: Marzano Instructional Framework Resources. Pasco County Schools, 23 Feb Web. 26 Mar

12. Other Resources Not Found in iObservation
Read Ben Curran’s blog and how he uses his own errors to get the kids to examine his reasoning and their own.
Click here for an article about how to engage students in examining errors in all types of classrooms, including PE.
Identifying and Understanding the Fallacies Used in Advertising lesson plan. Students recognized, identify and deconstruct fallacies used in advertising.

13. Is this element in your PGP?
Sign into
Click on the Growth tab
Click on the Plans option.
Open your current plan and fill out a new Reflection Log, answering the appropriate questions.
Decide how you will change your teaching as a result of viewing this module.
Execute your change, reflect on its impact, and complete another Reflection Log in iObservation.

14. How Are You Supported?
Here are resources in case you have further questions:
Your evaluator
Another evaluator on your campus
Your school’s Classroom Practice Mentors (CPM)
For more examples and resources visit the All About Marzano website
Everything you ever wanted to know (and more) Helping Students Examine Their Reasoning