1. Presented By, Ankit Ranka Oct 19, 2009
CS6998: Topics in Speech Processing: Computational Approaches to Emotional Speech, Fall 2009
A New Pan-Cultural Facial Expression of Emotion Paper from Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen
Presented By,
Ankit Ranka
Oct 19, 2009

2. Topics Universal Expressions Past and Present Views
Contempt Vs Disgust
Contempt – A Universal Expression ?
Methodology
Results
Contempt and Related Emotion
Discussion
Open Questions

3. Universal Expressions
Anger
Disgust (Same as Contempt ?)
Fear
Happiness
Sadness
Surprise

4. Past and Present Views
The facial expression is determined totally by social factors? (Bridwhistell, 1970)
Is it necessary to consider biological expressions? (Ekman, 1973)
There is unique, highly recognizable, pan-cultural facial expression for six universal emotions.

5. Contempt Vs. Disgust Properties of Contempt – Disgust –
It has not been observed in other primates.
Contempt one of the last emotion to appear (?)
Involves Unilateral facial actions.
Disgust –
One of the Pan Cultural Emotion.
Involves only bilateral facial actions.

6. Contempt – A Universal Expression?
Methodology
Three different emotions –
Tightening and Slightly raising the corner of the lip unilaterally.
The above expression bilaterally
Raising the entire lip slightly, without tightening or raising the lip corners

10. The pictures were scored with Ekman and Friesen’s Facial Acting Coding Systems.
Subjects in each culture also saw other facial expressions (universal expressions) (why?)
Judgments were obtained in 10 countries – 2 non-western, 8 western cultures.
Emotion terms translated to native and again translated back to verify accurate translation.

11. Results
Results for the six universal expression were same as the previous ones.
Isolation of one expression that depicts contempt –
ANOVA was computed with one factor as three contempt expressions.
The amount of variance accounted for by cultures was small.
Unilateral lip corner raise and tightened was judged 75% as contempt as compared to Bilateral.

12. Contempt and Related Emotion
Subjects judge contempt as compared to some other expression more often or not?
Compared Unilateral Contempt expression with anger and disgust expression (why anger?)
A 3 X 10 ANOVA was computed
Expression with lip corner raised and tightened unilaterally was judged contempt much more often.

13. Discussion Limitation – All subjects were college students
Less number of countries
Not tested on less educated or those not exposed to mass media
Not tested on preliterate, completely visually isolated subjects (feasible?)

14. Open questions Prior observations on contempt were wrong?
Whether contempt evolved same as other emotions that have universal expressions?
Contempt originated through specific constant learning?