1. Italy
Greece

2. Classical Rome
753 B.C.E. to 476 C.E.

3. From Kingdom…
According to legend, Romulus and Remus founded Rome in 753 B.C.E.
Romulus 1st of 7 Roman kings

4. …to Republic… Senate (advisory board) overthrew monarchy in 509 B.C.E.
As Rome expanded, generals attracted more loyalty than the Senate

5. …to Empire Civil wars lasted from 133-44 B.C.E.
Empire established in 27 B.C.E. by Augustus

6. Roman Society Divided among patricians and plebeians
Paterfamilias wielded absolute control in households
Upper class women exerted more influence than in Greece
Extensive use of slave labor

7. Pax Romana “Roman Peace” lasted from 27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E.
Empire consolidated
Roman culture and civilization became firmly established

8. Collapse and Continuity
External threats, lack of unity led to decline of western empire
Capital moved to Byzantium (Constantinople) in 330
Western empire collapsed in 476

9. Christianity Built on the tradition of Hebrew monotheism
Followers claimed Jesus was the “messiah”
Apostles spread the religion after Christ’s death
Constantine’s conversion (300’s C.E.) meant toleration

10. The Spread of Christianity

11. The Eastern (Byzantine) Empire survived for another 1000 years.