1. Agenda: Tues Opening Activity: Rocks and Glaciers Review
Rock Cycle Quiz
REMINDER: TEST ON MONDAY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Weather and Climate PPT
Climate Graphs
1 practice
1 for assignment
Will have tomorrow to work on it too

3. Weather and Climate

4. Weather vs. Climate Weather: Day to day condition of the atmosphere,
Ex. Temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, cloud cover, air pressure.
Climate: Patterns of weather which have occurred over a long period of time
Ex. the seasons (fall, winter, summer, spring), continental climate, maritime climate, arid climate.

5. Factors Affecting Climate
Use the acronym: “LOWER Near Water”
Latitude Ocean Currents Winds and Air Masses Elevation (Altitude) Relief Near Water

6. 1. Latitude
Solar energy delivered by the sun is different at different latitudes.
At higher latitudes (Ex. Near the north pole), the solar energy is not as strong because it is spread over a larger surface area….cooler
At lower latitudes (ie. equator), the solar energy is stronger because it is spread over a smaller surface… warmer.

7. Latitude

8. 1. Latitude (cont’d) SEASONS
The earth is always at a 23.5 degree tilt.
The northern hemisphere changes from being tilted toward the sun (summer) to being tilted away from it (winter) – Duration.
Summer Solstice - most direct sunlight at most northern point from equator. Days are longer. June
Winter Solstice - most direct sunlight at most southern point from equator. Days are shorter. December 22-23

9. 2. Ocean Currents
Warm and cold streams of water that move throughout the ocean.
If a cold ocean current passes by, it will cool the surrounding air.
If a warm ocean current passes by, it will warm the surrounding air.
Ocean currents affect precipitation

10. 2. Ocean Currents

11. 3. Winds (Air Masses)
Air masses are large volumes of air with the same temperature and moisture throughout.
Wind moves air masses from place to another
m: maritime - coastal (high precip.)
c: Continental –inland (low precip.)
T: tropical - between the tropics (warm)
P: Polar – originating at higher latitude than the circles (cool)
Examples:
mP: Maritime Polar
cT: Continental Tropical

12. 3. Winds and Air Masses
EX. An air mass originating in the Arctic is cold and dry. It moves southward and is carried by the westerly winds, bringing cold dry air across Canada.

13. 4. Elevation
Temperature decreases with elevation. It is increasingly cooler at higher elevations in the troposphere (first layer of the atmosphere)

14. For example…
A stove heats up a kettle. The further away from the stove the kettle is, the less it heats up.
The sun heats up the earth’s surface. The further away from the earth’s surface, the cooler the air gets.
Also -- The air’s density gets lower at high altitudes. Temperature is created by how fast air particles vibrate against each other. With less density, there are less air particles to create friction. Less friction = less heat

15. 5. Relief
Relief refers to differences in elevation caused by features on the landscape. In Canada, south facing slopes are warmed more than North facing slopes because of more direct sunlight. Also, mountain ranges can block air masses and moisture from reaching certain areas, causes those locations to have dry climates.

16. 5. Relief
The mountains can make rain happen on one side and dry weather happen on the other side.

17. 6. Near Water Moderating Effect:
Water heats up and cools down more slowly than land.
In the summer, wind blowing from the water will be cool.
In the winter, wind blowing from the water will be warmer.

18. 6. Near Water
Places near large water bodies are MODERATE - they do not get as cool or as warm as others
Maritime: Warmer and Wetter
Continental: Cooler and Dryer

19. Proximity to Water
Water bodies have a moderating effect on climate. Because water has a high “specific heat capacity” it takes more energy to change the temperature of a water body than a an area of land. Therefore, areas close to bodies of water will have relatively mild winters and cool summers.

20. Climate Graphs
Climate graphs measure temperature and precipitation for a given location (i.e. a city) over the course of one year.
-temperature (y axis)
-precipitation (y axis)
-months (x axis)