1. NICHOLAS II

3. FOREIGN
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR: – Russia lost
1st time a non-European power defeated a major European power
Russian fleet nearly destroyed
Treaty of Portsmouth – Japan got Manchuria from Russia

4. DOMESTIC
BLOODY SUNDAY – Jan – while Nicholas ran away Russian soldiers massacred protesters in St. Petersburg outside the Palace

5. DOMESTIC
REVOLUTION of 1905
-worker strikes in cities
-peasants revolted & demanded land
-minorities called for independence
-terrorists targeted officials
-assassins cheered as heroes

6. DOMESTIC
OCTOBER MANIFESTO – Nicholas promised creation of the DUMA (elected national legislature) – would approve laws
Except when the Duma met for the 1st time, Nicholas II dissolved it because it criticized the government

7. DOMESTIC
He appointed Peter Stolypin to be Prime Minister, who sought to restore order
Ordered trials of terrorists to occur within 24 hrs. of arrest & executed immediately upon conviction
1,000 suspected terrorists were killed in less than a year

8. DOMESTIC
Stolypin was later assassinated in 1911 after an attempt to kill him failed 4 years earlier (bombed his house)