1. World War II (1930–1945)
Lesson 5 Victory for the Allies

2. Lesson 5 Victory for the Allies
World War II (1930–1945)
Lesson 5 Victory for the Allies
Learning Objectives
Understand the reasons for the final defeat of the Nazis.
Describe how the Allies began to push back the Japanese in the Pacific.
Explain how the dropping of the atomic bombs ended the war.
Describe the aftermath of World War II and the founding of the United Nations.

3. Lesson 5 Victory for the Allies
World War II (1930–1945)
Lesson 5 Victory for the Allies
Key Terms
V-E Day
Bataan Death March
“island-hopping”
Douglas MacArthur,
kamikaze
Manhattan Project,
Harry Truman.
Hiroshima.
Nagasaki.
Nuremberg Trials
United Nations (UN).

4. End of the War in Europe
By early spring 1945, the war in Europe was nearing its end. That April, the Allies lost a key leader, Franklin Roosevelt. Though he did not live to see the final victory, he knew the defeat of the Nazis was inevitable.

5. End of the War in Europe
Germany Is Defeated
Allies converge on Berlin
Allies meet at Elbe River
April Hitler commits suicide
May 7th, Germany surrenders
VE day- May 8th 1945
Reasons for Victory in Europe
Germany fights of several fronts
Hitler took over military decisions
US enters the war
Bombing of German resources

6. End of the War in Europe
The Allied strategy in Europe was to encircle Germany, advancing from the south, west, and east. Here, Soviet and American soldiers meet at the Elbe River in eastern Germany.

7. Battles in the Pacific
During the war in the Pacific, the Japanese at first won a string of victories. They also controlled much of China and Southeast Asia. Despite the early Japanese advances, the Allies slowly turned the tide.

8. Battles in the Pacific
Bataan Death March
60 mile march to POW camp
Death of as many as 10,000 prisoners
Americans Take the Offensive
Island hoping campaign-
Land forces led by Douglas MacArthur
Chester Nimitz led forces at sea
British marching through Burma

9. Battles in the Pacific
Japan captured the Philippines in 1942, taking some 75,000 soldiers prisoner. American and Philippine prisoners were then forced on the brutal Bataan Death March.

10. Battles in the Pacific
After winning the war in Europe, the Allies poured all their resources into victory in the Pacific theater. Analyze Maps Based on the map, how would you describe the Allied strategy to defeat Japan?

11. End of the War in the Pacific
With war won in Europe, the Allies poured their resources into defeating Japan. By mid-1945, most of the Japanese navy and air force had been destroyed. Yet the Japanese still had an army of two million men. The road to victory, it appeared, would be long and costly.

12. End of the War in the Pacific
Japanese Resistance
Kamikaze-
February to March Okinawa
April to July Iwo Jima
A Powerful New Weapon
Manhattan Project-
Fat man, Little Boy
Harry Truman-
Dropping of the Atomic Bombs
Enola Gay
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
September VA day
An Ongoing Controversy
Why did US use the A Bomb

13. End of the War in the Pacific
Kamikaze attacks were a desperate attempt to ward off American advances. Japanese pilots crashed into Allied aircraft carriers and other ships, killing American sailors along with themselves.

14. Aftermath of the War
Even as the Allies celebrated victory, the appalling costs of the war began to emerge. The war had killed as many as 50 million people around the world. In Europe alone, over 30 million people had lost their lives, more than half of them civilians. The Soviet Union suffered the worst casualties, with over 20 million dead.

15. Aftermath of the War
Europe in Ruins
Possibly 50 million killed, 30 million in Europe, 20 million in Russia
Countries and cities destroyed
20 million refugees
The Holocaust Is Revealed
War Crimes Trials
Crimes against humanity
Nuremberg Trials-
Hundreds put on trial
Most famous 12- Herman Goring

16. Aftermath of the War
This photograph shows Hamburg, Germany, after the war. In spite of widespread destruction, much of Europe was rebuilt in 20 years, thanks in part to American aid.

17. The United Nations Is Formed
In April 1945, delegates from 50 nations convened in San Francisco to draft a charter for the United Nations (UN). They hoped that, unlike the ineffective League of Nations, the UN would be able to keep peace among nations by providing a forum where differences could be resolved peacefully. In the years to follow, the UN would play a greater role in world affairs than its predecessor did.

18. The United Nations Is Formed
Structure of the United Nations
Each nation gets one vote
Security council of permanent members
US, Russia, Britain, France, and China
Can veto decisions
Economic sanctions
Send in peace keeping forces
UN Activities
Protect human rights
End diseases
Refugee camps

19. The United Nations Is Formed
The United Nations' originating mission included maintaining international peace and security and solving economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems. Analyze Charts Under which of the five departments is the World Health Organization?

20. The United Nations Is Formed
Today, United Nations aid includes humanitarian missions. Here, a UN agency brings famine relief to refugees in Somalia.

21. Quiz: End of the War in Europe
Which of the following is a significant reason why the Allies were able to defeat the Axis in Europe?
A. Mussolini switched sides and joined the Allies against Hitler.
B. Japan's surrender allowed the Allies to focus on defeating Germany.
C. Germany's ally, the Soviet Union, dropped out of the war.
D. The United States outproduced Germany in war production.

22. Quiz: Battles in the Pacific
Why was the Allied advance on Japan so difficult?
A. The Allies had to win the war in Europe before sending troops to the Pacific.
B. The Allies did not have enough resources to capture Japanese-held islands.
C. Japan had strong support from Germany and Italy.
D. Japan controlled most Pacific islands scattered over a wide area.

23. Quiz: End of the War in the Pacific
What was the purpose of the declaration issued by the Allies at Potsdam?
A. The Allies warned Japan to surrender or they would drop an atomic bomb.
B. The Allies warned Japan to surrender or suffer the consequences.
C. The Allies announced that the Soviet Union was entering the war against Japan.
D. The Allies announced that Japan had surrendered following the dropping of the atomic bombs.

24. Quiz: Aftermath of the War
What were the main goals of the Allies' post-war policies toward the defeated Axis countries?
A. encourage communist governments, prevent the creation of new armies, punish war criminals
B. discourage economic development, protect basic rights, punish war criminals
C. encourage democratic governments, protect basic rights, punish war criminals
D. encourage democratic governments, discourage economic development, punish war criminals

25. Quiz: The United Nations Is Formed
Why has the United Nations sometimes proved ineffective?
A. It allows only five countries to make all its decisions.
B. The General Assembly is under the control of the Security Council.
C. Powerful countries are unable to veto policies and actions with which they disagree.
D. It is composed of many independent nations who often disagree on goals and policies.