1. China and India:
Two Giants of Asia

2. China Reforms Its Economy But Limits Freedom
After Mao’s death, Deng Xiaoping comes to power
Wanted to reform the economy but didn’t care about the people
Many experienced an increased standard of living but many lived in poverty
Tiananmen Square Massacre
Thousands of demonstrators call for political reform
Government calls in the military
Thousands killed and wounded
Many others arrested and tortured
Showed China’s communist leaders would go to any length to preserve order

3. China Faces Continuing Challenges
1980s: To limit the population, the government developed the one child policy
Rapid urbanization occurred as many rural workers flocked to the cities
Growing travel and trade helped to spread AIDS across China
Human rights activists condemned the use of prison labor and the lack of free speech

4. India builds its economy
India used modern technology to expand agriculture and industry
Adopted elements of command economy
Lacked some important natural resources such as oil and natural gas
Green Revolution
New farming techniques
Favored richer farmers
India eventually shifted toward free-market system

5. India Builds Its Economy
India’s population growth hurts living conditions
More than one third of Indians lived below poverty line
Millions of rural families migrate to cities
Overcrowded cities couldn’t support everyone
Mother Theresa
Founded the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta
Provided food and medical care to thousands of poor Indians

6. Reforming Indian Society
Confronting Caste Discrimination
India’s Constitution ended discrimination against dalits, or the people of the lowest caste
Higher caste Hindus generally receive better schooling and jobs
Sometimes blocked government plans to open more jobs to dalits
Women Make Progress
Under the Constitution, Indian women were granted equal rights
Well to do girls are educated in the cities
Girls from poor families often received little to no education
Women from rural areas are expected to do unpaid work in household industries or farms
Indian women have begun taking political action and setting up self help organizations to improve their lives

7. Traditional Caste system in India
The caste one born into determines his place in society
One is not allowed to change castes
One must marry someone within his or her own cast
There are five castes, or jatis one can be born into
Brahman—Priest
Kshatriya—Ruler, Warrior, Landowner
Vaisya—Merchants
Sudra—Artisans, Agriculturalists
Harijan—Outside the Caste System
Source: ng98/india.htm

8. Current Event
Wealth inequalities in China have been one of the most politically sensitive issues in China
Like the US, China’s wealth inequality keeps widening as its economy matures, and wealth accumulates within households overtime
Last year, one of the country’s top institutions, Peking University released the first comprehensive measure of wealth inequality.
This is still a result of Deng Xiaoping’s decision of implementing the Four Modernizations ( Agriculture, industry, science, and defense).

9. Current event