1. In this lesson we will understand:
Understanding Codes
Cryptography History Lesson - 2
By: A. Lawson
In this lesson we will understand:
Better understanding of codes
Review the history behind coding systems
Figure out codes and their use
Complete tasks to better understand cryptography
Martian alphabet – Task 1
Enigma Poster – Task 2
Video Views
Enigma Machine History timeline

2. Martian Alphabet Using the Martian alphabet, decode the following:
The Martian alphabet consists of 6 symbols:
After many years of study, mathematicians have finally managed to crack the code.
Using the Martian alphabet, to decode the following:

3. Poster on the Enigma Machine - Task
Create a poster on the story of the Enigma Machine and the computer Colossus. Use the keywords on the slide attached.
The poster can be done on the computer (A4 size) or by hand The poster should include suitable images
Spelling and punctuation are important
Check ´Rules of a good poster´ bellow
Rules for a good poster
Must be informative and educational
Text should be kept to a minimum
Text should be large enough to read from a distance
Text colour should be readable over background
Stick to one or two fonts – beware of Word Art!
Use large, eye-catching images
Images should not be pixelated or have copyright notices
Make use of ‘white space’

4. Enigma Machine Poster Key words
Colossus
WWII
Bletchley Park
Alan Turing
Code
First computer
Check the links
Check the links
Check the links
Check the links

5. The Enigma Machine Links Bellow
1915, two Dutch Naval officers invented a machine to encrypt messages. This became known as the Enigma machine.
1918, Arthur Scherbius, a German businessman, patented the Enigma machine.
Mid 1920s, mass production of Enigma machine with 30,000 machines being sold to the German military over the next 2 decades.
The Poles set up a world leading crypt analysis bureau and hired leading mathematicians such as Marian Rejewski.
Marian Rejewski built his own model of the Enigma machine without having actually seen it.
Enigma History
In 1931, a German traitor told Rejewski that the Germans routinely changed the daily key indicator setting for the codes.
To find the daily key, Rejewski build 6 replicas of the Enigma machine and connected them.
The new machine could run through more than 17,000 indicator settings. He called this machine, ‘the bomb’.
The bomb was used to secretly read the traffic from the German Enigma machines for several years.
In 1938 Germans added two new roters into the Enigma machine. This made it harder for the Polish to read the traffic
How did the Enigma Machine work
Code Breakers
Enigma Explained
Flaw in Enigma
The Polish asked their allies, Britain and France to help them with the analysis and codebreaking of the German messages.
The British smuggle out the Enigma replica machines two weeks before Germany invaded Poland
The smuggled Enigma replicas were taken to the British code, and cypher school at Bletchley Park.
Alan Turing, a British mathematician at Bletchley Park thought of a different way of using the ‘bombs’ for testing the German codes.
Turing used 180 ‘bombs’ which clicked round letter-by-letter, 20 every second, until they hit the correct one.
Hundreds of code breakers at Blechley Park worked round the clock to decipher the German Enigma communications they intercepted
In 1943, British engineer, Tommy Flowers, created Colossus
Colossus changed the way code breaking was done from electro-mechanical to electronic – it was the first modern day computer
Colossus could read paper tape at 5,000 characters a second.
The Allied work on codebreaking played a key role in victories such as D-Day. It shortened the length of WW2.