1. Answer the warm up questions and turn it in on the green chair!
You can only use your binders 

2. What kind of problems did workers face?

3. Rise of Labor Unions
Objective 5.03

4. How the Other Half Lives
WORKING CONDITIONS
-sweatshops
Harsh workshops in tenements rather than factories
-low wages
Everyone paid low so owners can make large profits
-long hours
14-hour days, 6-7 days a week
-dangerous conditions
Hot, poorly-ventilated, dangerous jobs
child labor
20% of boys and 10% of girls under 15 had jobs to support the family
“The bulk of the sweater’s work is done in the tenements, which the law that regulates factory labor does not reach…In [them] the child works unchallenged from the day he is old enough to pull a thread. There is no such thing as a dinner hour; men and women eat while they work, and the ‘day’ is lengthened at both ends far into the night.”
~Jacob Riis,
How the Other Half Lives

10. Unions: organizations of workers formed to protect their rights

11. Types of Unions
Industrial Union - -union combining all workers of an industry
Skilled and unskilled
Ex: railroads
Craft Union - union that admits only workers of a particular trade, skill, or occupation

12. Labor unions tried to improve conditions of workers
Tactics included:
Strikes - (refused to work)
Collective bargaining - negotiations
Arbitration - (3rd party makes decisions for both groups)
“…I can never get a day’s work under that company or any other around here, for…I’ll be blacklisted. Then what will my wife and my babies do?”
~American Worker

13. Business owners fought back
Tactics included:
blacklists - (do not hire)
scabs - (Workers who were hired to take the place of striking workers)
Yellow-Dog Contracts: - (Workers must sign a contract promising not to strike to get hired)

14. Knights of Labor Founded secretly in 1869 by Uriah Stephens
Grouped workers by industry, not by trade or skill
Women and African Americans allowed membership
Chinese excluded

15. Goals
8 hour workday
End child labor
Equal pay for equal work
Use arbitration instead of strikes
Labor Day can be traced back to two of the groups’ parades in NYC

17. American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Rival of Knights of Labor
Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers
Made of coalition of craft labor unions

18. Goals
Improve conditions
Increase pay
Increase job security
Pursue workers immediate demands
Stay out of the politics

20. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
International, industrial union founded in 1905
Formed by Socialists, Anarchists, and radical trade unionists that opposed the AFL
Anyone can join regardless of race and gender

21. Goals
Promote worker solidarity
Deny contracts—took away right to strike
Improve conditions
Motto—“An injury to one is an injury to all”

22. Important People Samuel Gompers (1850-1924) Began as a cigar maker
Founded the AFL
Promoted harmony amongst craft unions
Fought against socialism and the Socialist Party

23. Eugene V. Debs ( )
One of the leaders of the IWW
5 time Socialist Party candidate for President of the U.S.
Socialists believe that the means of production should be owned by the workers, not the rich minority

24. Debs believed that workers should have smaller private ownership of their own means of production

25. Mary Harris “Mother” Jones
Advocated against child labor
Very young children working in harsh conditions and being paid very little

26. Strikes & Violence

27. You are working for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company when it announces a wage cut of 10%. This is the second cut that has come in the last 8 months. Other railroads have been imposing similar cuts, along with orders to run “double headers,” trains with two engines and twice as many cars as usual. The unusually long trains increased the risk of accidents and therefore the chance of worker layoffs. Now you are going to struggle even more to support your family, and you are in constant fear that you will be in a train accident and/or lose your job!
You can’t just sit there and take it – you need the money – and your life and your job! What do you do?????

28. You are a Chicago factory worker and you have been working up to 14 hour workdays and have not been compensated fairly. Because of your long hours, you are always tired, you get sick very easily, and your job at the factory has become even more dangerous. The longer you work, the more tired you get, and you are more and more likely to make life-threatening mistakes with the machinery!
You can’t just sit there and take it – you need the money – and your life and your job! What do you do?????

29. The Haymarket Affair/Riot
May 1886, 3,000 people at Chicago's Haymarket Square to protest police brutality—day before one striker killed, several wounded.

30. Someone threw a bomb into police line and police fired back  public began to turn against the labor movements.

31. You work for Andrew Carnegie’s steel company, Carnegie Steel. Mr
You work for Andrew Carnegie’s steel company, Carnegie Steel. Mr. Carnegie is away on vacation in Europe for the summer, and while he is gone, his partner, Henry Frick, tries to cut your pay.
You can’t just sit there and take it – you need the money – and your job, you can’t just quit, so what do you do?????

32. The Homestead Strike of 1892
Over working conditions and pay cut at the Carnegie Steel Company’s Homestead Plant in PA.
The National Guard called in to put it down  it takes 45 years for steelworkers to mobilize once again.

33. You live in George Pullman’s railway factory town, Pullman, Illinois
You live in George Pullman’s railway factory town, Pullman, Illinois. Mr. Pullman has provided your town with everything you could possibly need: parks, a mini lake, schools, a theater, a church, paved sidewalks lined with trees, healthy (sanitary) conditions, athletic programs, and a military band. Mr. Pullman holds his town to high standards and makes you work extremely hard. You are beginning to feel like Mr. Pullman has way too much control over your life; for example, his ban on alcohol in the town. In May of 1894 you and a few other workers go to him to protest. In response, Pullman fires three of the workers and does not make any changes at all.
You can’t just sit there and take it, now not only is this man controlling your life, but firing people because they speak out! You need your job! What do you do????

34. Pullman Company Strike
During Panic of 1893, Pullman cut wages, laid people off but never cut prices on employees housing. After paying the rent, workers took home less than $6 a week.

35. Pullman Company Strike
The strikes turned violent and federal troops were sent in.
Debs was jailed and most of the strikers were fired and blacklisted from working at other railroad jobs.

36. The Triangle Fire- 1911
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in NYC had locked all but one of exit doors which was blocked by fire (no sprinkler system and only fire escape collapsed killing 146 women).
Public outraged—NY set up task force to study factory conditions.

37. http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/03/us/detroit-schools- teacher-sickout/
What do the Verizon workers want and why?
teacher-sickout/
What did the Detroit teachers want? How could they strike? Why can’t NC teachers strike?