1. ABB INDIA DEVELOPMENT CENTER
ACHIEVING REDUNDANCY USING CONFIGURATION EXCHANGE THROUGH GOOSE COMMUNICATION IN SUBSTATION
Ravishankar Y A, Arinjai Gupta, Murali Kandakatla, Pramod Kulkarni, Shivakumar N R and Sudheer B
2013 Colloquium
November 13-15, 2013
Mysore – KARNATAKA - INDIA
ABB INDIA DEVELOPMENT CENTER
D2-02_03

2. If there is fault/short circuit in transmission line then
Protection scheme
If there is fault/short circuit in transmission line then
Relay A detects short circuit and gives signal to open
circuit breaker so that healthy grid is isolated from fault.
Power flow direction
Generator
Circuit Breaker G
Long transmission line CT VT
From Grid
Fault
Power
load
Power supply
Relay A
Sub-station A

3. After the faulty transmission line is isolated the healthy
Protection scheme
After the faulty transmission line is isolated the healthy
grid continues to function.
Power flow direction
Generator
Circuit Breaker G
Long transmission line CT VT
From Grid
Power
load
Power supply
Relay A
Sub-station A

4. Back up Protection scheme
Why back up protection in substation is used ?
Overcome equipment failure
Failure to detect fault
Back up protection in substation is used where cost of
failure out weight the cost of redundancy

5. Back up protection for fault detection (Time graded )
If the Relay B in substation B fails then Relay A trips at
substation-A after a set time delay to isolate the fault.
Power flow direction
Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker
Long transmission line CT CT VT VT
Fault
Power
load
Relay A
Relay B
Power supply
Sub-station A
Sub-station B

6. Redundant IED for fault detection (Duplication )
If the Relay B1 fails then redundant Relay B2 trips at
substation-B to isolate the fault without any time delay
Power flow direction
Circuit Breaker
Long
transmission line
Circuit Breaker CT CT VT VT
Relay B1
9’2
Fault
Power
load
Relay A
Sub-station B
Power supply
Sub-station A
Relay B2

7. Using 9’2 merging unit and Protocol translator
9’2 merging units are used to get measurement values.
Protocol translator can be used for GOOSE exchange
Circuit Breaker CT
Logical
connection VT
9’2 samples
9’2 Merging Unit
9’2 samples
Analog
GOOSE
Analog
GOOSE
Configuration/Setting
IED1 S1 S2 . Sn
Health
Configuration/Setting
IED2 S1 S2 . Sn
Health
Protocol
translator
Health
Health
Protocol
translator
Trip signal2
Trip signal1

8. Different Redundancy configuration
Peer-Peer configuration:
Both IEDs function in parallel.
Setting/configuration is synchronized using Analog GOOSE.
The trip signals from both the Peer are connected to CB.
Master- Slave configuration:
Master IED sends its health information to the Slave continuously.
If the Slave IED receives bad health signal from the Master, the Slave IED
takes control of trip signal to the CB
Master- Slave configuration:
Slave sends its health information to the Master continuously.
If the Master IED receives bad health information from Slave, then Master
IED takes control of CB.
Note: In case of communication failure in Master-Slave and Slave-Master
configuration both function as Peer-Peer.
Master and Slave are physically connected CB all the time but logically connected based on configuration.

9. Automatic Configuration Exchange
Each setting/ Configuration of IED is mapped as output
in Analog GOOSE*. These values are exchanged.
IED1/LD0/Application1
Status information
Str (Start)
Op (Operate)
Setting
Setting1
Setting2 …
Settingn
ActiveSettingGroup
LD0.Health.stVal
IED2LD0/Application1
Status information
Str (Start)
Op (Operate)
Setting
Setting1
Setting2 …
Settingn
ActiveSettingGroup
LD0.Health.stVal
Broadcast
Analog GOOSE Sender
Analog GOOSE receiver
*GOOSE : Generic Object Oriented Substation Event

10. Acknowlege functionality
Data and acknowledgment are sent by SNDGGIO Logical Node.
Data and acknowledgment are received by RECGGIO
Logical Node.
IED1
IED2
IED1/LD0/
RECGGIO1
Status information
DataAvailable
AckReceived
IED2/LD0/
SNDGGIO1
Status information
DataSent
DataReceived
Analog GOOSE receiver
Data
Handler
Analog GOOSE Sender
Data
Handler
IED1/LD0/
SNDGGIO1
Status information
DataSent
DataReceived
IED2/LD0/
RECGGIO1
Status information
DataAvailable
AckReceived
Analog GOOSE Sender
Analog GOOSE receiver
The DataSent, DataAvailable, DataReceived & AckRecieved are not part of standard Data object

11. Race around condition
When both IEDs initiate configuration exchange simultaneously
then race around condition occurs. It can be solved by assigning
Priorities to one of the IEDs
IED1
IED2
IED1/LD0/
RECGGIO1
Status information
DataAvailable
AckReceived
IED2/LD0/
SNDGGIO1
Status information
DataSent
DataReceived
Analog GOOSE receiver
Data
Handler
Analog GOOSE Sender
Data
Handler
IED1/LD0/
SNDGGIO1
Status information
DataSent
DataReceived
IED2/LD0/
RECGGIO1
Status information
DataAvailable
AckReceived
Analog GOOSE Sender
Analog GOOSE receiver
The DataSent, DataAvailable, DataReceived & AckRecieved are not part of standard Data object

12. We can have 4 different back up schemes:
IEDs of same manufacturer with same protection principle
IEDs of same manufacturer with different protection principle
IEDs of different manufacturer with same protection principle
IEDs of different manufacturer with different protection principle
Trip
circuit

13. Configuration Exchange: Scheme 1
Configuration exchange between IEDs of same
manufacturer with same protection principle
IED1/LD0/PTOC
Over current protection
Status information
Str (Start)
Op (Operate)
Setting
StrVal(Start value)
StrValMult(Start value multiplier )
ActiveSettingGroup
LD0.Health.stVal
IED2/LD0/PTOC
Over current protection
Status information
Str (Start)
Op (Operate)
Setting
StrVal(Start value)
StrValMult(Start value multiplier )
ActiveSettingGroup
LD0.Health.stVal
Trip
circuit
Trip
circuit
Trip
circuit
For example : PTOC (over current ) each setting can be mapped and configuration of each setting is possible
Trip signals (Operate) are “OR”ed and then connected to circuit breaker.

14. Configuration Exchange: Scheme 1
Configuration exchange between IEDs of same
manufacturer with same protection principle
Mode
Setting/
Configuration
exchange
Health Signal communication
During IED failure(1
Health Communication failure(2
Peer – Peer
Configurable
Not required
Both trip signal connected to CB
Both operate in parallel
Master-Slave
Master-> Slave
When Master fails, Slave trip signal is connected to CB
Both operate as Peer-Peer
Slave-Master
Slave-> Master
When Slave fails, Master trip signal is connected to CB
(1 failure in operation (measurement failure etc.).But it is still able to send health signal
(2 failure in communication channel, failure in communication sending and communication receiving
For example : PTOC (over current ) each setting can be mapped and configuration of each setting is possible

15. Configuration Exchange: Scheme 2
Configuration exchange between different protection
principle and same IED manufacturer
IED1/LD0/PTOC
Over current protection
Status information
Str (Start)
Op (Operate)
Setting
StrVal(Start value)
StrValMult(Start value multiplier )
ActiveSettingGroup
LD0.Health.stVal
IED2/LD0/PDIS
Under impedance protection
Status information
Str (Start)
Op (Operate)
Setting
PhStr(Phase Start Value)
PoRch(Polar Reach is the diameter)
ActiveSettingGroup
LD0.Health.stVal
Trip
circuit
Trip
circuit
Trip
circuit
For example : Configuration exchange between PTOC (over current ) and PDIS (under impedance ) is not possible as the settings are different.
Trip signals (Operate) are “OR”ed and then connected to circuit breaker.

16. Configuration Exchange: Scheme 2
Configuration exchange between IEDs of same
manufacturer with different protection principle
Mode
Setting/
Configuration
exchange
Health Signal communication
During IED failure(1
Health Communication failure(2
Peer – Peer
Not configurable(3
Not required
Both trip signal connected to CB
 Both operate in parallel
Master-Slave
Not configurable
Master-> Slave
When Master fails, Slave trip signal is connected to CB
Both operate as Peer-Peer
Slave-Master
Slave-> Master
When Slave fails, Master trip signal is connected to CB
(1 failure in operation (measurement failure etc.).But it is still able to send health signal
(2 failure in communication channel, failure in communication sending and communication receiving
(3 None of the setting/configuration can be exchanged using Analog GOOSE as there are no similar settings between IEDs
For example : Configuration exchange between PTOC (over current ) and PDIS (under impedance ) is not possible as the settings are different.

17. Configuration Exchange: Scheme 3
Configuration exchange between IEDs of different
manufacturer with same protection principle
IED1/LD0/PTOC
Over current protection
Status information
Str (Start)
Op (Operate)
Setting
StrVal(Start value)
StrValMult(Start value multiplier )
ActiveSettingGroup
LD0.Health.stVal
IED2/LD0/PTOC
Over current protection
Status information
Str (Start)
Op (Operate)
Setting
StrVal(Start value)
OpDlyTmms (Operate delay time)
ActiveSettingGroup
LD0.Health.stVal
Trip
circuit
Trip
circuit
Trip
circuit
For example : Settings of IED1.LD0.PTOC1(over current ) may not be similar to settings of IED2.LD0.PTOC1. Hence all the setting configuration exchange many not be necessary.
Trip signals (Operate) are “OR”ed and then connected to circuit breaker.

18. Configuration Exchange: Scheme 3
Configuration exchange between IEDs of different
manufacturer with same protection principle
Mode
Setting/
Configuration
exchange
Health Signal communication
During IED failure(1
Health Communication failure(2
Peer – Peer
Configurable/Partial configurable(3
Not required
Both trip signal connected to CB
 Both operate in parallel
Master-Slave
Configurable/Partial configurable
Master-> Slave
When Master fails, Slave trip signal is connected to CB
Both operate as Peer-Peer
Slave-Master
Slave-> Master
When Slave fails, Master trip signal is connected to CB
(1 failure in operation (measurement failure etc.).But it is still able to send health signal
(2 failure in communication channel, failure in communication sending and communication receiving
(3 Few of setting/configuration can be exchanged using Analog GOOSE, only similar settings between IEDs
For example : Settings of IED1.LD0.PTOC (over current ) may not be similar to settings of IED2.LD0.PTOC. Hence all the setting configuration exchange many not be necessary.

19. Configuration Exchange: Scheme 4
Configuration exchange between IEDs of different
manufacturer with different protection principle
IED1/LD0/PTOC
Over current protection
Status information
Str (Start)
Op (Operate)
Setting
StrVal(Start value)
StrValMult(Start value multiplier )
ActiveSettingGroup
LD0.Health.stVal
IED2/LD0/PDIS
Under impedance protection
Status information
Str (Start)
Op (Operate)
Setting
PhStr(Phase Start Value)
PoRch(Polar Reach is the diameter)
ActiveSettingGroup
LD0.Health.stVal
Trip
circuit
Trip
circuit
Trip
circuit
For example : Configuration exchange between PTOC (over current ) and PDIS (under impedance ) is not possible as the settings are different.
Trip signals (Operate) are “OR”ed and then connected to circuit breaker.

20. Configuration Exchange: Scheme 4
Configuration exchange between IEDs of different
manufacturer with different protection principle
Mode
Setting/
Configuration
exchange
Health Signal communication
During IED failure(1
Health Communication failure(2
Peer – Peer
Not configurable(3
Not required
Both trip signal connected to CB
 Both operate in parallel
Master-Slave
Not configurable
Master-> Slave
When Master fails, Slave trip signal is connected to CB
Both operate as Peer-Peer
Slave-Master
Slave-> Master
When Slave fails, Master trip signal is connected to CB
(1 failure in operation (measurement failure etc.).But it is still able to send health signal
(2 failure in communication channel, failure in communication sending and communication receiving
3) None of the setting/configuration can be exchanged using Analog GOOSE as there are no similar settings between IEDs
For example : Configuration exchange between PTOC (over current ) and PDIS (under impedance ) is not possible as the settings are different.

21. Security aspect of redundancy configuration
How important is security aspect in automated
configuration of redundant protection schemes?
Very important !!
GOOSE is configured for One-to-One and broadcast communication using MAC address .
GOOSE message can also be sent using encryption during communication
It is necessary for redundant IEDs to have minimum security aspect like authority, User log etc.

22. Conclusion:
Configuration exchange helps to automate porting of setting/configuration from IED to IED in redundancy scheme.
Redundancy and automatic configuration exchange improves reliability of operation without manual intervention
These are first steps to achieve self-healing grid systems