1. Metaphors
1. “joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity” [paragraph 2]
2. “the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity” [3]
3. “rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice” [6]
4. “This sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality.” [7]
5. “sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.” [19]
What are the effects of these metaphors on the reader?
What do you notice about the comparisons?
To highlight the contrast between two abstract concepts, consider associating them with contrasting concrete metaphors. For example, to contrast segregation with racial justice, King evokes the contrasting metaphors of dark and desolate valley (of segregation) and sunlit path (of racial justice.)
On a clean sheet of paper

2. Use of repeated phrases in MLK’s speech
Effects on the reader
Use of repeated phrases in MLK’s speech
Repeated phrases
these key phrases tell much of King’s story. Emphasis through repetition makes these phrases more memorable, and, by extension, make King’s story more memorable.

3. Use of repeated phrases in MLK’s speech
“One hundred years later” (paragraph 3)
Effects on the reader
“Now is the time” (p 6)
“We must”: (p 8)
Use of repeated phrases in MLK’s speech
“We can never (cannot) be satisfied (p 13)
Repeated phrases
“Go back to…” (p14)
“I have a dream” (p 16-24)
“With this faith” (p26)
“Let freedom ring (from)…” (p27-41)

4. Figurative Language “seared in the flames of withering injustice“
"manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination“
"whirlwinds of revolt"
"oasis of freedom and justice“
"symphony of brotherhood“
What are the effects of these terms on the reader?

5. Allusion – refers to another text
What does the author want the reader to recall?
What analogy do these references create for the reader?
Refers to
“Five score years ago”
Why important?
“Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness”
Refers to
Causes the reader to recall promises of the US throughout history.
The analogy is that the African-Americans are being oppressed during this time and the Biblical association is to that of the Hebrews in Egypt.
Why important?
“It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.”
Refers to
Why important?

7. “I Have a Dream Too!”
Directions: Create your own "I Have a Dream Too!" speech by filling in the blanks
I have a dream that one day this nation will ____________________________________  
I have a dream that one day _________________________________________________  
I have a dream that ________________________________________________________  
I have a dream today.  
This is my hope and faith.
With this faith we will be able to _______________________   ________________________________________________________________________  
This will be the day when __________________________________________________  
When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
I will hand students the "I Have a Dream" worksheet. I will review instructions and complete another example of a dream on the board with the help of the class. On this worksheet, there will be instructions for our "I Have a Dream" mobiles. Students will be asked to create their own dream for our school, community, country, and world. The will have to complete a dream cloud for each dream. On the cloud they must draw a picture of what they dream, dictate the dream underneath the picture, and on the back explain what they can do to accomplish their dream.