2. The Invisible Government
The Federal Bureaucracy

3. Bureaucrat Bureaucracy
A large organization structured hierarchically to carry out specific functions to make it more efficient
Bureaucrat
A person who works for an organization, has defined duties and responsibilities

4. What is the federal bureaucracy?

5. The federal bureaucracy is:
4 million employees; 2.8 million are civilians or “civil servants”
President only appoints 3% (patronage or political appointments)
15 cabinet level departments
200+ independent agencies with 2,000+ bureaus, divisions, branches, etc.
Biggest - Dept. of Defense, U.S. Postal Service, Veterans Administration

6. Bureaucrats at Work

7. The Federal Bureaucracy
How is the federal bureaucracy organized?
The Federal Bureaucracy

8. Bell Ringer What are the four tiers of the Federal Bureaucracy?
Which do you believe is the most important? Why?

9. Agencies and Corporations
Executive Office
White House Office
National Security Council (NSA)
Office of Management and Budget
Cabinet Departments
15 Total Departments
State, Treasury, Interior, Defense (largest!), Homeland Security (newest!)
Agencies and Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Government Corporations
Civil Service
2.7 million people
Hired to do the workings of the Federal government

10. Organization of the U.S. Government

11. The Executive Office of the President
Why it matters?
Composed of President’s closest advisors and several support agencies
Chief executive’s right arm in formation and execution of public policies
White House Office
Nerve center for entire executive branch
Most trusted advisors
National Security Council
Advises president on national security
Help president formulate foreign policy based on president’s priorities
Office of Management and Budget
Prepare federal budget submitted to Congress
Allocated to programs according to President’s priorities

13. The Cabinet Departments
Why it matters?
Carry out much of the Federal Government’s work
Heads of departments frequently meet with the President and other officials as the Cabinet
The Cabinet
Headed by Secretary (or Attorney General)
President appoints (confirmed by Senate)
Administrative head of one of the executive departments
Examples
Secretary of State:
Rex Tillerson
Secretary of Interior:
Ryan Zinke

15. Agencies and Corporations
Why it matters?
150 executive branch agencies not located in 15 departments – don’t always fit in departments
Created to protect agencies from political party pressures
Perform a variety of different functions
Independent Executive Agencies
Include most agencies
Organized like Cabinet departments (NOT same status)
Examples:
Civil Rights Commission
Federal Election Commission
Independent Regulatory commissions
Beyond reach of pres. control
Structured by Congress
10 total agencies
Created to regulate nation’s economy
Examples:
Security Exchange Commission (SEC)
Federal Reserve
Government corporations
Subject to Presidential control
Set up like a private corporation
Produce income that is put back into the business
Examples:
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Post Office

16. Civil Service Why it matters? Development:
People who perform administrative work for government
Not appointed by the President, but hired separately
Development:
Patronage: Giving jobs to supporters and friends (Jefferson)
Spoils System: Giving offices and other favors of government to political supporters and friends (Jackson)
The Office of Personnel Management
Central clearinghouse in federal recruiting, examining, and hiring process