1. American Foreign Policy

2. 5 GOALS of American Foreign Policy
National Security – Keep Americans safe
Free and Open Trade – Preserve access to natural resources & world markets
World Peace – Work for world peace
Democratic Governments – Promote the spread of democracy
Concern for Humanity – Provide help for less developed countries, disaster victims and refugees from war, famine & disease

4. Tools of Foreign Policy
Military Force: Limited war, specific goals
Military Treaties and Alliances: Mutual Defense Agreements
Foreign Aid: Loans, food, medical care
Economic Sanctions: economic penalties applied by one nation or group of nations on another for economic, political or other reasons
Most Favored Nation status: Trade w/out tariffs or barriers

5. Types of Economic Sanctions
Embargo – an order prohibiting trade with another nation
Quota – The limit on the quantity of a product that may be imported
Tariff – a list or system of duties imposed by a gov’t on imported or exported goods

7. Foreign Policy Roles: President:
Chief Diplomat – Power to make treaties with other countries
Negotiate Treaties - Agreements with other nations
Ex: End conflicts, form alliances, or trade relationships
Must be approved by the Senate
Executive Agreements – Agreement b/w heads of nation
Carries weight of treaty, but does not require Senate approval
Still subject to judicial review
Diplomatic Recognition
Formally identify the legitimacy of a foreign government

8. Foreign Policy Roles: President:
2. Commander in Chief – Can send troops
anywhere in world
Consult with Congress before and during possible armed conflict involving U.S.
Must report to Congress within 48 hours of sending troops to explain reasons why
Forces must be withdrawn within days if Congress does not declare war

9. Foreign Policy Roles: Foreign Policy Advisors:
Secretary of State – maintains relationships with foreign countries
Secretary of Defense – supervises military activities
National Security Advisor – recommends a course of action for President
Congress:
Power to declare war
Power to appropriate money (fund wars)
Ratify treaties (Senate)

11. Four advantages the President has over Congress in conducting foreign policy
Presidents position as the leader of the nation
President controls those agencies that help formulate and carry out foreign policy
President can make quick decisive action
President uses executive agreements

12. History of American Foreign Policy:
, , Isolationism – U.S. Avoids involvement in world affairs
– Imperialism – U.S. acquires territories (Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico)
World War I World War II
– Cold War & Containment – U.S. attempts to stop the spread of Communism
– Detente – U.S. tries to ease tensions with Soviet Union
– After the fall of communism, U.S. becomes only world power, tries to spread freedom and democracy
2001-Present –War on Terror