1. Chapter 11
Section 2 Imperialism2

2. Imperialism Forms of imperialism
Colony: a country or territory governed by a foreign power
Protectorate: a country or territory with its own internal gov’t but controlled by a foreign power
Sphere of influence: an area where an outside power claims exclusive trading rights
Economic Imperialism: an independent , less developed country controlled by private foreign business interests

3. Management Methods The British and the United States preferred
indirect control: used existing political rulers to enforce the ruling countries policies
The French and most European nations preferred
direct control: the countries who used this method believed the Africans were unable to rule themselves
They used paternalism: providing for the people but, ignoring their rights
They also wanted assimilation: or the foreign people accepting the ruling nations culture

4. Gaining control of Nigeria
The British used diplomatic & military methods to gain control in Nigeria
Some local leaders agreed to British policies and signed treaties to allow Britain to rule
Others rebelled and the British had to use military force to rule
The rest of Nigeria was given to the British at the Berlin Conference

5. Managing the Colony of Nigeria
Tremendous cultural diversity in Nigeria
250 ethnic groups
Multiple religions, languages, and cultures
3 major groups
Hausa-Fulani: Muslims
Igbo: traditional tribal beliefs
Yoruba: traditional tribal beliefs
Britain could not use force to control the entire area
Used indirect rule
The Igbo & Yoruba resented having their power limited

6. African Resistance Many African states resisted European rule
Only Ethiopia was able to resist European rule
Samori Tour`e: led West Africa against France
His people fought France for 16 years under his leadership
1905: the Maji-Maji uprising against the Germans occurred when 20 ethnic groups united to fight for their freedom
Over 140,000 Africans were killed in the fighting and from famine

7. Ethiopia: Successful Resistance
Menelik II: emperor of Ethiopia
Declared war on Italy after Italy tried to trick him into giving up his country to them
The Battle of Adowa
Ethiopia defeated Italy in one of the greatest victories for the African people ever
Menelik II continued to stock pile modern weapons in case another foreign power invaded

8. Legacy of Foreign Rule Negative Effects Deaths: Break down of culture
Famine
Disease
Break down of culture
Loss of property
Loss of identity for the people
The Division of the Continent was the most harmful effect
Political alliances were broken
Some political alliance were forced on the people
Artificial boundries were created

9. Legacy of Foreign Rule con’t
Positive effects
Reduction in local warfare
Improved sanitation, health care, & schools
Economic expansion
Construction of an infrastructure
Most of these improvements benefited the European nations more than the people of Africa