1. Warring City States
Chapter 5
Section 2

2. Key Terms Polis Acropolis Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Tyrant
Democracy
Helot
Phalanx
Persian Wars

3. Rule and Order in Greek City-States
Polis- fundamental political unit in Greece
City and surrounding countryside
miles of territory
Fewer than 10,000 residents
Acropolis-fortified hilltop
Agora-marketplace

4. Greek Political Structures
Monarchy-single person ruler (king)
Aristocracy-ruled by a small group of noble land owning families
Rich families
Wealthy merchant and artisans
Served in kings military
Oligarchy-ruled by a few powerful people

5. Tyrants Seize Power Clashes occurred between rulers and common people
Powerful individuals would seize control
Tyrants-unlike today not considered cruel or harsh
Looked at as leaders with the people’s interest

6. Athens Builds Limited Democracy
Representative government was born in the city-states
Athens moved too democracy
Democracy-is the rule of the people
Citizens participate directly in political decision making

7. Building Democracy Draco 621 BC
Based legal code on all Athenians were equal under the law
Had capitol punishment
Debt slavery-debtors worked as slaves to pay off debts

8. Building Democracy Solon 594 BC
Stated no citizen should own another citizen
Organized Athenians into four social classes
Only top three could hold political office
All citizens could participate in Athenian Assembly
Legal concept-any citizen could bring charges against wrongdoers

9. Building Democracy Cleisthenes 500 Broke up power of nobility
Citizens organized by where you live and not wealth
Allowed citizens to submit laws for debate
Created Council of 500
Chosen at random
Counseled assembly and proposed laws

10. Building Democracy Citizens participated in a limited democracy
Citizenship restricted to a small number
Free male adult property owners
Women and slaves excluded from citizenship and had few rights

11. Athenian Education Sons of wealthy families Sent to school at age 7
Studied reading, grammar, poetry, history, mathematics and music
Received training in logic and debate
Train and develop the body

12. Athenian Education Older boys went to military school
Girls educated at home by their mother
Childe rearing
Weaving cloth
Preparing mills
Taking care of the household
Little to do outside of the home

13. Sparta Builds a Military State
Located in southern Greece (Peloponnesus)
Cut of from the rest of Greece
Built a military state

14. Sparta Dominates Messina
725 BC Sparta conquers Messina
Helots- Messians forced to stay on land they worked
Spartans demanded half of their crop
650 BC Helots revolted
Spartans outnumbered eight to one

15. Sparta’s Government and Society
Several branches
Council of Elders- made up of 30 older citizens
Proposed laws for assembly to vote on
Five elected officials carried out the laws
These men prosecuted cases and controlled education

16. Sparta’s Government and Society
Sparta had two kings
Social order had several groups
Citizens-descendants of original inhabitants
Ruling families who owned land
Non-citizens –were free, worked in commerce of industry
Helots at the bottom

17. Sparta Daily Life 600-371 BC most powerful army in Greece
Individual expression was discouraged
Did not value arts and literature
Valued- strength, discipline, and duty

18. Spartan Daily Life Served in the army till 60 Began training at age 7
Moved into army barracks till age 30
Wearing only light tunics and no shoes
Slept without blankets on hard benches
Food bowl of black porridge
Encouraged to steal food, made them more resourceful and tough

19. Spartan Daily Life Girls received some military training
Wrestled, played sports
Service to Sparta above everything
Had freedom to run family businesses

20. A New Kind of Army Emerges
During the Dorian Age only the rich could afford spears, chariots, shield
Iron made weapons more affordable
Hoplites- foot soldiers
Phalanx-stood side by side holding a spear and a shield

21. Battle of Marathon Began in Ionia on the coast of Anatolia
Ionian Greeks revolted against Persia
Athens sent troops
Persian King Darius won wanted revenge against Athens

22. Battle of Marathon Persians sent 25,000 troops Greeks had 10,000
Arranged in a phalanxes
Persians charged the Greeks
Persians lost 6,000 men, Greeks lost 200

23. Pheidippides Bring News
Athens was defenseless
Young runner-brought news of Persian defeat
26 mile run from Marathon
Said “Rejoice, we conquer” and died
Athenian army came back and Persia retreated

24. Thermopylae and Salamis
480 BC Xerxes assembled an enormous force to crush the Greeks
Greeks were divided
No resistance from Greeks

25. Thermopylae and Salamis
Narrow mountain pass
7,000 Greeks and 300 Spartans
Blocked Xerxes troops for three days
Traitor told of secret path
Spartans held back the Persians, while other Greeks retreated

26. Thermopylae and Salamis
Greeks evacuated Athens set to fight at sea
Salamis-narrow channel
Xerxes set fire to Athens
Persian ships were bigger
Xerxes watched 1/3 of his fleet was sunk
479 Plataea Greeks win, Persians on defensive

27. Thermopylae and Salamis
Delian league- formed by several Greek states
Delos- island in Aegean Sea
Greeks drove Persians from their territory

28. Consequences of Persian Wars
Felt new sense of confidence
470’s Athens emerged as leader
League had grown to 200 city-states
Headquarters moved to Athens
Used force against challenges of authority