1. Ch. 27 Nationalism & Revolution around the World
Read through Chapter 27. Write down 3 facts from each section (full sentences):
1. Latin America
2. Africa & the Middle East
3. India
4. China
5. Japan

2. Section 1: Latin America
Sold natural resources & crops to industrialized countries
Early 1900’s, booming economy
Small ruling class kept benefits to themselves
Growing middle class and lower class (workers & peasants) had no say
Industrialized nations made goods
Latin America bought goods from industrialized nations

3. Mexico Dictator Porfirio Diaz
By 1910, ruled for almost
30 years
Poor wanted better lives, middle class wanted democracy, elite resented power of foreign companies
Diaz resigned in 1911
Most peasants worked on haciendas (large plantations controlled by land owning elite

4. Mexican Revolution 1917, Carranza elected president
Bloody power struggle, Mexican Revolution
More than one million people dead
1917, Carranza elected president
New constitution
Still in force today
Land, religion, & labor

5. Nationalism in Latin America
Economic nationalism swept across Latin America
Emphasis on home control of the economy
Followed Mexico’s lead
Took over foreign owned assets
Unequal distribution of wealth held back economic development
Debates on which type of government was best
Authoritarian governments rose

6. Nationalism in Latin America
Cultural nationalism
Pride in one’s own culture
1920s, Latin American writers, artists & thinkers rejected European influence
1920s & 1930s, government commissioned artists to paint murals about the revolution
Murals helped all Mexicans, even those who couldn’t read, learn about the ideals of the revolution

7. The Good Neighbor Policy
The United States continued role as international policeman
Huge investments in Latin American countries
British influence declined
1930s, FDR pledged “Good Neighbor Policy”
Lessen influence in Latin American nations
Strengthened Latin American nationalism
Improved relations between Latin America & US

8. Ch. 27, Nationalism in Africa & the Middle East
“If you woke up one morning and found that somebody had come to your house, and had declared that house belonged to him, you would naturally be surprised, & you would like to know by what arrangement. Many Africans at the time found that, on land that had been in the possession of their ancestors from time immemorial , they were now working as squatters or as laborers.”
-Jomo Kenyatta, Kenyan independence leader “

9. Africans resist colonial rule
Early 1900’s almost every part of Africa was a European colony

10. Africa
During WW1, more than one million Africans fought for their colonial rulers
Many inspired by Wilson’s self-determination
Socialism found a growing audience

11. Racial Segregation in South Africa
, imposed system of racial segregation
Goal to ensure white economic, political, & social supremacy
Apartheid: a policy of rigid segregation became law

12. “Africa for Africans” Pan-Africanism
Nourished nationalist spirit & strengthened resistance
African nationalism brought little political change except to Egypt
1922, protests, strikes, & riots forced Britain to grant its independence
But Britain still controlled monarchy
Egyptians were upset, many joined Muslim Brotherhood
Fostered Islamic nationalism & rejected W. culture

13. Turkey Modernizes
1920, Ottomans signed treaty and lost Arab & North African lands
Ataturk, “Father of the Turks”, lead Turkish nationalists, overthrew sultan of Ottoman Empire, Westernized Turkey

14. Middle East Pan-Arabism Oil became a huge factor
Nationalism movement built on shared heritage
Oil became a huge factor
Arabs helped allies in WW1 especially against Ottomans
Felt betrayed that they weren’t given their independence

15. Anti-Semitism in Europe
Zionism
, tens of thousands of Jews immigrated to Palestine
Arabs-Palestine, Jews-Israel

16. India Seeks Self-Rule

17. India Amritsar massacre, April 13, 1919
British General Reginald Dyer banned public meetings
Soldiers opened fire on peaceful protestors
400 killed, 1,100 wounded
Turning point for Indian independence

18. Gandhi WW1, more than one million Indians served
British promised more self- government
Gandhi
Nonviolent protests caught the attention of British government & the world
Hindu traditions
Ahimsa: nonviolence

19. Gandhi Civil disobedience: refusal to obey unjust laws
1920s-1930s, nonviolent actions against British rule
Boycott British goods
Salt March
March 12, 1930 – April 6
240 mile march with 78 followers to the sea

20. China … Didn’t work. China fell into chaos
Qing Dynasty fell 1911
Sun Yixian, president of New Republic wanted to rebuild China on Three Principles
Nationalism
Democracy
Economic security for everyone
… Didn’t work. China fell into chaos
Warlords & foreign imperialism

21. China May 4 Movement Some turned to Marx and Lenin
May 4, 1919, students protest in Beijing
Goals, to strengthen China, learn from the West
Women played
major role
Some turned to Marx and Lenin
Chinese Communists formed political party

22. China
1921, Sun Yixian & his Guomindang (Nationalist Party) established government in south China
Western democracies refused to help
… So accepted help from Soviet
Union
Sun died 1925, Jiang Jieshi took over
Slaughtered thousands
Started brutal civil war, Guomindang v Communists
Lasts 22 years

23. Mao Zedong Revolutionary peasant
Thought Communist Party should seek support from large peasant masses
Fought Guomindang

24. China
Rape of Nanjing December 13, 1937

25. Japan Remarkable growth
Became a true industrial power
WW1, Western powers fought in Europe, Japan expanded control in East Asia
Annexed Korea
More rights in China
Took German possessions in East Asia
Moved towards democracy

26. Japan Ultranationalists
Extreme nationalists
Angry at racial policies in USA, Canada, & Australia
Expansion into China
Manchuria
Withdrew from League of Nations

27. Japan Ultranationalists
Extreme nationalists
Angry at racial policies in USA, Canada, & Australia
Expansion into China
Manchuria
Withdrew from League of Nations