1. Study for absolutism vocabulary quiz!

2. Absolutism 1500-1800 Louis XIV Peter the Great Catherine the Great
Frederick the Great
Elizabeth I
James I

3. objectives
WHII.6 The student will demonstrate knowledge of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries by
b) describing the Age of Absolutism, including the monarchies of Louis XIV and Peter the Great;
c) assessing the impacts of the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution on democracy;

4. What is Absolutism?
A political theory holding that all power should be vested in one ruler or other authority.
Centralization of Power
Rule by Divine Right
(God gives them power to rule)
KINGS BECAME STRONGER IN THE 1500s AS THE POWER OF THE CHURCH WEAKENED

5. Europe in 1500

6. Absolutism in France

7. St. Bartholomew’s day massacre
Massacre of thousands of Huguenots a few days after Henry IV’s wedding
Believed to be instigated by French Catholics

8. France – Bourbon Family
Henry IV-
First Bourbon ruler (1589)
Converted to Catholicism to bring peace to France
Issued the Edict of Nantes (granted rights to Huguenots)
He made the tax situation better, but could not fix all of the problems
He was murdered in 1610

9. Cardinal Richelieu 1624-1642 Background
Henry IV’s son (Louis XIII) was 8 years old when he was murdered
Louis’ mother ruled until 1617
Louis chose Cardinal Richelieu to be his chief minister

10. Richelieu’s Political Policies
He took power away from the nobles and political rights from the Huguenots.
Freedom given to the Huguenots was dangerous
Strengthened the authority of regional representatives (intendants) of the King
Over time he took away power from intendants, so the King controlled everything

11. Richelieu and the 30 years War
France wanted to weaken the Holy Roman Empire’s ruling family- HABSBURGS
Kept France out of it directly : weaken other European countries
Later France gets involved
1648- Treaty of Westphalia : France gets Alsace

13. Louis XIV – The Sun King 1643-1715
Ruled France for 72 years – longest reign in French history
Built the Palace of Versailles
Symbol of Royal Power
A few miles outside of Paris
“L’etat, c’est moi” – I am the State
Ruled by Divine Right

14. VersailleS

18. Louis XIV’s govt. Jean-Baptiste Colbert (advisor) Goals:
Expert in finance
Well educated member of the middle class
Goals:
Increase French industry
Placed high tariffs on foreign imports to protect French business
Worked to improve transportation
Encouraged colonization

19. Louis XIV REVOKED THE EDICT OF NANTES!!!!
How would this affect France?

20. War of Spanish succession
A war ( ) fought by Austria, England, the Netherlands, and Prussia against France and Spain, arising from disputes about the succession in Spain after the death of Charles II of Spain.
Controversy because heir to Spanish throne (Phillip V) had claim to French throne as well (grandson of Louis XIV)
Not “fair” for one person to potentially rule two countries
Treaty of Utrecht: Peace treaty that allowed Phillip V to take Spanish throne as long as he gave up his claim to French throne

21. Louis XIV’s Legacy Made France a powerful European nation
His wars put a financial strain on the treasury

22. Quick review
Q. How did the political policies of Cardinal Richelieu affect the power of the French king?
A. Richelieu took away religious freedom from the Huguenots & gave power to the regional intendants, then took it away. Both gave the king more religious and political authority in France
Q. What result did the Treaty of Westphalia have on the territory of a) France and b) Europe itself?
A. France gained Alsace region, Holy Roman Empire was absorbed for the most part into Austria, Prussia, and new German States

23. Absolutism in russia

24. Russia – Romanov Dynasty
Isolated from Western Europe – WHY?
Before 1480 ruled by Mongols: Asian influence
Western Civilization reached through Constantinople – Eastern Orthodox not Roman Catholic/Protestant
Used the Cyrillic alphabet- hard to communicate
GEOGRAPHY : LANDLOCKED

26. Romanov Background
1613- Russian National Assembly elected Michael Romanov to be Czar
Romanovs ruled Russia for the next 300 years
Strengthened absolutism in Russia

27. Peter the Great
Believed Russia needed to be more like the WEST
Goals:
Wanted to gain ports on the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea
Improve the military
1697- disguised as private citizen, went to several European countries

28. Peter continued…..
He learned a lot about the west: improved ships, improved the military
1700- War with Sweden
Result- Gained territory on the east coast of the Gulf of Finland
ACCESS TO THE BALTIC SEA!!!
Built St. Petersburg (wonder where the name came from)
Moved the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg

30. Peter’s accomplishments and oppositional changes
Women became less socially isolated
Men cut off their beards
Modernized the army
Encouraged manufacturing and foreign trade
Oppositional changes (Negative Things)
Took control of the Church
Increased the number of serfs (noble’s estates)

31. Catherine the Great 1762-1796 German Princess who married Peter III
He was killed and she became his successor
She extended serfdom
Nobles thrived (speaking French)
Foreign Policy
Fought the Turks – gained control of the northern shore of the Black Sea and Crimea

32. Catherine and Poland Poland was weak
Different ethnic and religious backgrounds
Roman Catholic leaders discriminated against minorities
Minorities asked Prussia, Austria and Russia for help
Catherine (Russia), Prussia and Austria saw this as an opportunity
They partitioned Poland 3 times
(1772, 1793, and 1795)

33. Quick Review
Q- In what ways were Peter and Catherine the Great absolute monarchs?
A- Both had absolute control of highly centralized government and monitored nobles and church
Q- How did Russia overcome its isolation from Europe?
A- Cultural exchange, expansion of territory, importing Western ways

34. Absolutism in austria

35. Austria – Habsburg Family
1740- Holy Roman Empire Charles V died
23 year old daughter: Maria Theresa inherits the throne
Pragmatic Sanction: Maria Theresa could inherit all the Habsburg lands
Her empire included:
Belgians, Bohemians, Croatians, Germans, Hungarians, Italians, Poles, Romanians, Serbs, and Slovenes

36. Maria Theresa’s Tribulations
Different nationalities led to conflict of religion and language
Rival state = Brandenburg-Prussia
The Diversity made it difficult to rule

37. Absolutism in prussia

38. The Rise of the Hohenzollerns/Prussia
Rulers of Brandenburg- Prussia
(North German State)
Frederick William (Great Elector)
Ruled at the end of the 30 years War
Unified armies, improved the tax system, agriculture, industry and transportation
Frederick William I
Signed the Pragmatic Sanction

39. Frederick the Great Used military power
War of Austrian Succession ( )
Sides
Prussia, Bavaria, Spain and France VS
Austria, Great Britain, Netherlands and Russia
Prussia wanted Silesia (Austrian territory)
PRUSSIA WINS
Accomplishments-
linked Prussia with East Prussia
helped bring about the First Partition of Poland
made Prussia economically and politically powerful

40. Absolutism in England

41. House of Tudor family tree

42. England – House of Tudor
First Tudor King = Henry VII
Henry VIII – Anglican Church (Church of England)
Edward- ruled for 6 years
Mary I : First reigning Queen of England
Catholic and wanted to do away with the Anglican Church/Protestants
Had more than 300 people burned at the stake
“Bloody Mary”

43. Elizabeth I 1558-1603 Protestant Queen
Worked with Parliament to prevent conflict
She never married – “Virgin Queen” (Virginia)
Mary Queen of Scots (Mary Stuart)
Heir to the throne after Elizabeth
Plotted with Phillip II of Spain to KILL Elizabeth
1587- BEHEADED

44. Spanish Armada “Invincible Armada”
In 1588 Philip II launched a fleet of 130 ships toward England
Why? English sea raiders and Elizabeth’s help to Protestants in Spain
English ships were smaller, swifter and could shoot further

45. Elizabeth’s religious problems
Puritans- wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church
Didn’t like the Anglican Church keeping Catholic practices
Example- Anglican priests dressed traditionally
Elizabeth persecuted Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants
Had to pay fines

46. James I
King James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England (Mary Queen of Scots’ son)
Stuart Family
Believed in the Divine Right
Strong supporter of the Anglican Church
King James version of the Bible
Make Puritans happy
Problems with Parliament (taxes, alliance with Spain)
Son- Charles I
To be continued …………