1. The enlightenment spreads

2. Objectives Explain how Enlightenment ideas spread through Europe
Describe changes in art, music, and literature during the Enlightenment
Show how Enlightenment ideas reformed monarchies in Prussia, Austria, and Russia

3. Remember
Salon
Baroque
Neoclassical
Enlightened Despot
Catherine the Great
Understand
Why must rulers balance their philosophical goals with practical concerns about support?
Apply
How does neoclassicism reflect the ideas of order and reason?
Analyze
Even though criticism of the church and government was prohibited, Enlightenment ideas spread quickly. What does this tell you about their appeal?
Create

4. As we have talked about, new ideas could cause trouble.
It was illegal in France to criticize either the Church or the government.
Books, magazines, and word of mouth helped the Enlightenment spread.

5. A World of Ideas
Paris is the cultural center of the world
Diderot’s Encyclopedia
Salons
Large gatherings where philosophers, writers, artists, scientists, and other great intellects gather
Denis Diderot
Created large set of books
Many leading scholars contributed
Encyclopedia receives backlash
French Gov/Church ban the work
Under minds royal authority, encourages spirts of revolt, fosters moral coruption

6. New Artistic Styles Neoclassical Style Baroque Neoclassical
Grande, ornate design
Neoclassical
Simple, elegant; Greek, Roman

7. New Artistic Styles Changes in Music and Literature Classical Music
Lighter, elegant style
Mozart
Beethoven
Classical Literature
Carefully plotted
Suspense
Thoughtful characters

8. Enlightenment and the Monarchy
Some monarchs embraced Voltaire's ideas of ruling justly
Enlightened Despots
Wanted to make countries stronger
Rule more effectively

9. Enlightenment and the Monarchy
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Reduced censorship
More religious freedom
Improved education
Established a justice system
Abolished torture
Thoughts serfdom was wrong, but did not stop it

10. Enlightenment and the Monarchy
Joseph II of Austria
Legal reforms
Freedom of press
Religious freedom
Abolished serfdom
Paid in cash
Changes reverted after death 

11. Enlightenment and the Monarchy
Catherine the Great of Russia
Proposed reforms based on Montesquieu and Beccaria
Religious tolerance
Abolished torture/capital punishment
Only limited reforms pass
Little was done to help peasents

12. Russia along with England continued to expand their empires during the Enlightenment. England would soon have to deal with radical change in North America based on Enlightenment ideas.