1. Evolution

2. Biogenesis vs. Spontaneous Generation
1620’s Redi-Italian Scientist set forth to prove Spontaneous Generation WRONG! *People did not buy into it…why?

3. Finally….Spontaneous Generation is Busted
Pasteur-French 1820’s

4. Miller and Urey-1950’s America
Life on Earth

5. Fossils –Interest in 1800’s
Layers, distribution of fossils in layers-layers close together (organisms look alike) organisms on distal layers look different.

6. Cuvier and Lyell- after studying rock layers, came up with these conclusions
George Cuvier-1800, Europe, since organisms in rock layers spontaneously go extinct, catastrophes must shape the way organisms evolve.
Charles Lyell-1850’s-Europe, organisms change and evolve from changing geological process that have been around since the beginning of time. Slow, steady changes, NOT sudden catastrophes have shaped earth and its organisms. Idea of uniformitarianism.

7. Lamarck-early 1800’s

8. Charles Darwin 1850’s Interested in science
Read about Lyell's thoughts
“descent with modification”-organisms came from a common ancestor and was changed or modified with time turning into a different organism
Sailed the Beagle to collect evidence of his theory
Journal was made into a book called, the Origin of Species

11. Set to prove his theory of “Descent with Modification” Darwin’s Journey on the Beagle 1830’s

12. Galapagos Finches

13. Galapagos Turtles

14. Natural Selection with the White-Peppered Moths 1800’s England

15. Natural Selection
Caused descent with modification “evolution” because of 4 main factors:

16. 4 factors Overproduction genetic variation struggle to survive
differential reproduction

17. 4 factors that lead to Natural Selection:
1. Overproduction-better chance of survival with the production of more offspring, because eventually the environment will reach a carrying capacity.
2. Genetic Variation-different genes produce different traits which may be more favorable in a certain environment
3. Struggle to Survive: Organisms must compete for survival, food, resources, space, genes (adaptations).
4. Differential Reproduction-Organisms with the best adaptations are more likely to survive, therefore they evolve

18. Thomas Malthus
Late 1700’s-Proposed that populations increase faster than food supplies. Thus, populations are always limited by conditions such as war, disease, lack of food.
What does this mean for the human population? Have we reached our carrying capacity? Do we have any of these factors limiting our population today?

21. Evidence of Evolution Fossils-age and distribution
Transitional Species
Biogeography
Anatomy-homologous structures
Embryology
Biological Molecules

22. Fossils in close proximity are alike, fossils far away are different

23. Transitional species

24. Biogeography Study of the locations of organisms around the world
Marsupials are only in Australia, however, they look like moles, wolves, cats…they must have evolved separately

25. Anatomy:Homologous structures-shows a relationship

26. Anatomy: Analogous structures do not show a relationship

27. Embryology

28. Vestigial Structures

29. Biomolecules such as DNA

30. Phylogeny

31. Evolution in action
Adaptive radiation-A new population to a new environment, changing rapidly to adapt to its new surroundings (CA Salamander)
Convergent evolution-different species evolve similar traits to best suit its environment (whale, dolphin and shark are unrelated but share similar characteristics)
Divergent evolution-when descendents from a common ancestor diversify into different species that fit a different environment.

32. CA Salamander

33. Selective breeding

34. Coevolution

35. Transitional Species
The Whale: How it has evolved

36. Adaptations