1. Catalyst: Tuesday, 10/29/13
Consider two species of finches from the Galapagos Islands. These two finches share a common ancestor from South America. How will did these finches develop into two different species?
Look at the Figure E2.8. Write down all the information you can obtain from this diagram.

2. Agenda Catalyst Announcements
Period 3 – Evolution Evidence Poster DUE Friday, November 1st.
Period 7 – Evolution Evidence Website (unpublished website AND notebook with research) DUE Friday, November 1st.
Antibiotic Resistance Discussion
Check Point Slip
Evidence for Evolution Review *
Project Work Time
Status Report

3. P3: 28 (neat room, on time) P7: 28 (neat room, on time)
GPoints
Your class can earn class points if:
everyone in class:
Comes to class quietly and on time
Stays focused and on task during class
Leaves classroom neat and organized
Students are teaching other students
Majority of class participates
Follows all classroom expectations and procedures
And more…
P3: 28 (neat room, on time) P7: 28 (neat room, on time)

4.  Objectives 10/29/13 We will be able to
Analyze the evidence for biological evolution
Explain the process of biological evolution
Describe the role of evolution in antibiotic resistance 

5. Antibiotics
Read the “NEED TO KNOW” box on page 61. Write the four most important points from the passage. Be sure to write in your own words and AVOID copying word for word.
Writing in your own words helps you PROCESS the information more effectively.

6. SCENARIO – “A Turn for the Worse”
1. Open to page 59 and follow along. Any volunteers to act this out as we read it?
2. Complete the “Process and Procedures section” found on page 59 in your notebook. You may work with the person NEXT to you IF you want. Otherwise, please work quietly and independently.
3. Analyze Figure 2.10 carefully. Then complete the “Analysis” section on page 60.

7. “Superbugs!” TEDTalk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikZQPB45Zbw
As you watch video, STAY AWAKE!!! Take notes on the important points the speaker makes.

8. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

9. Genetic material of cells…
GENES – units of genetic material that CODES FOR A SPECIFIC TRAIT
Called NUCLEIC ACIDS
DNA is made up of repeating molecules called NUCLEOTIDES

10. DNA Double Helix P O 1 2 3 4 5 P O 1 2 3 4 5 G C T A

11. Nitrogenous Bases PURINES 1. Adenine (A) 2. Guanine (G) PYRIMIDINES
3. Thymine (T)
4. Cytosine (C)
A or G
T or C

12. BASE-PAIRINGS C G
H-bonds T A

13. Genetic Diversity…
Different arrangements of NUCLEOTIDES in a nucleic acid (DNA) provides the key to DIVERSITY among living organisms.

14. The Code of Life… A T C G T A T G C G G…
The “code” of the chromosome is the SPECIFIC ORDER that bases occur.
A T C G T A T G C G G…

17. How can a bacteria cell specifically resist antibiotics
How can a bacteria cell specifically resist antibiotics? Think of some possible mechanisms. (No right or wrong answer for now…be creative!)

19. How can you help stop antibiotic resistance?

20. CheckPoint Slip 10/29/13
On a sheet of paper, please do your best to answer the following INDEPENDENTLY and QUIETLY. This will be evaluated on the amount of effort and thought you put into your answers and not necessarily the accuracy of the content.
You may NOT work with a partner. Any talking will result in a zero.
1. Briefly describe how antibiotics work.
2. How does the theory of evolution explain antibiotic resistance?

21. Period 3 Only – Evolution Evidence Poster
Create a poster that features all the evidence of evolution. Include images, diagrams, and short descriptions to enhance your poster. Be sure that everything you write is in your own words or you will not receive credit.
You may work with ONE partner. DUE Friday, November 1st.

22. During Classwork Time
Stay focused on the task you have been assigned. Avoid irrelevant side conversations.
Keep the noise level down.
Ask THREE before you ask ME.
You may put earphones on and listen to music quietly as you do your work.
You must make a significant amount of progress by the end of the period!
If you have a computer, your phones SHOULD not be out. All phones should be put away.***

23. Status Report
In about a paragraph or more, write about what you have accomplished by the end of this period. Specify at least 5 pieces of new information that you have learned and explain how you will use this for the final product of your project.
Please leave this in the inbox as you walk out at the end of class.

24. What pieces of evidence support biological evolution
What pieces of evidence support biological evolution? (Refer to your notes from last week.)

25. Period 3 Only – Evolution Evidence Poster
Create a poster that features all the evidence of evolution. Include images, diagrams, and short descriptions to enhance your poster. Be sure that everything you write is in your own words or you will not receive credit.
You may work with ONE partner. DUE Friday, November 1st.

26. Carbon Dating

28. Radioisotopes – radiometric dating

29. ALPHA DECAY – LOST OF HELIUM ATOM

30. Gamma DECAY– Release of Photon

31. Dating Precambrian rocks
Uranium-Lead Method
Starts as…
Uranium- 238
(238U)
Becomes…
Lead-206
(206Pb)
Half-life is…
4.5 x 109
years
Used for…
Dating Precambrian rocks

32. Potassium-Argon Method
Starts as…
Potassium- 40
(40K)
Becomes…
Argon-40
(40Ar)
Calcium- 40
(40Ca)
Half-life is…
1.3 x 109
years
Used for…
Dating micas, feldspars, hornblendes;
constructing geologic time scale

33. Dating recent remains of organisms
Carbon-14 Method
Starts as…
Carbon-14
(14C)
Becomes…
Nitrogen- 14
(14N)
Half-life is…
5.7 x 103
years
Used for…
Dating recent remains of organisms

34. Evidence for Evolutionary Change Website Project
We will be creating a class website featuring the evidence for evolutionary change. Each of you will be a specialist in a specific field that will focus on a specialized field of biology as you study the evidence for evolution. You will work within these groups to create one section of the website. You will be evaluated on the following:
Accuracy of Content (50%)
Clarity and Organization of Content (25%)
Creativity (25%)
DUE November 1st.

35. Evidence for Evolutionary Change Website Project
COPY THIS DOWN. We will be creating a class website featuring the evidence for evolutionary change.
Website URL:
Password: hydrogenbonding
Resources:
Online Resources (links will be posted on my website)
Books from the library (at least one book from a library)

36. While Researching…
Neatly record your findings AND your sources in your lab notebook. This WILL be part of your grade.

37. Specialists Studies origins and relatedness of living organisms
DESCRIPTION
STUDENTS
EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGIST
Studies origins and relatedness of living organisms
MOLECULAR BIOLOGIST
Studies the molecular basis of the phenomena of living things
PALEONTOLOGIST
Investigates biological change by studying fossils and history of the earth
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGIST
Studies how the processes of growth and development occur and change over time

38. During Classwork Time
Stay focused on the task you have been assigned. Avoid irrelevant side conversations.
Keep the noise level down.
Ask THREE before you ask ME.
You may put earphones on and listen to music quietly as you do your work.
You must make a significant amount of progress by the end of the period!
If you have a computer, your phones SHOULD not be out. All phones should be put away.***

39. Status Report
In about a paragraph or more, write about what you have accomplished by the end of this period. Specify at least 5 pieces of new information that you have learned and explain how you will use this for the final product of your project.
Please leave this in the inbox as you walk out at the end of class.

40. The following slides are not mine. We will use them as a reference.

42. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Sailed around the world 1831-1836

43. 2. What did Darwin’s Travels reveal
The diversity of living species was far greater than anyone had previously known!
These observations led him to develop the theory of evolution!

44. 3.How did tortoises and birds differ among the islands of the Galapagos?
Each island had its own type of tortoises and birds that were clearly different from other islands

45. Galapagos Turtles

46. 4. Evolution is when organisms change over time
4. Evolution is when organisms change over time. So, modern organisms descended from ancient ones

47. 7. Evolution is a Theory – Just like Gravity!
Evolution is a well supported explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world
A theory in science is a well tested hypothesis, not just a guess

48. 5. Geologists: Hutton and Lyell
Fundamentalists said that the earth was around 6000 years old
Hutton and Lyell argued that the earth is many millions of years old b/c
layers of rock take time to form
processes such as volcanoes and earthquakes shaped the earth and still occur today

49. 6. Lamark Theory of acquired characteristics
Lamark said organisms acquired traits by using their bodies in new ways
These new characteristics were passed to offspring
Lamark was totally wrong!

50. 7. Malthus
Reasoned that if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone

52. 8. Darwin finally published his ideas in 1859
Other naturalists were developing the same theory that Darwin did.
Even though he was afraid of the Church’s reaction to his book he wanted to get credit for his work.

53. 9. Artificial Selection
nature provides variation, humans select variations that are useful.
Example - a farmer breeds only his best livestock

54. 10. Natural Selection
The traits that help an organism survive in a particular environment are “selected” in natural selection

58. 11. Natural Selection and Species Fitness
Overtime, natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population.
These changes increase a species fitness (survival rate)

60. Descent with Modification
Each living species has descended with changes from other species over time

61. Summary of Darwin’s Theory
1. Organisms differ; variation is inherited
2. Organisms produce more offspring than survive
3. Organisms compete for resources
4. Organisms with advantages survive to pass those advantages to their children
5. Species alive today are descended with modifications from common ancestors

62. 13. Evidence of Evolution Fossil Record
Geographic Distribution of Living Species
Homologous Body structures
Similarities in Embryology

63. Evidence of Evolution
Fossil Record provides evidence that living things have evolved
Fossils show the history of life on earth and how different groups of organisms have changed over time

64. Relative vs. Absolute Dating

65. Relative Dating Can determine a fossil’s relative age
Performed by estimating fossil age compared with that of other fossils
Drawbacks – provides no info about age in years

66. Absolute dating Can determine the absolute age in numbers
Is performed by radioactive dating – based on the amount of remaining radioactive isotopes remain
Drawbacks - part of the fossil is destroyed during the test

67. Carbon-14 Dating

68. Fossil Formation SG

69. Primate Fossils
Australopithecus Homo erectus Homo sapien

70. Primate Brain Capacity

71. Primate Bone structure

72. Human Relatives

73. Australopithecus afarensis

74. Homo habilis = handy human 1.5 to 2 mya
Homo erectus 1.6 mya
Homo habilis = handy human 1.5 to 2 mya
bipedal

75. Cro-Magnon 35,000 to 40,000 ya Neanderthals 35,000 to 100,000 ya

76. (fully modern fossils 100,000 ya)
Modern Homo sapien
(fully modern fossils 100,000 ya)

77. 13. Evidence of Evolution
Geographic Distribution of Living Species
Similar animals in different locations were the product of different lines of descent

79. 13. Evidence of Evolution Homologous Body Structures
Turtle
Homologous Body Structures
Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues
e.g. Wing of bat, human arm, leg of turtle
Alligator
Bird

80. Homologous Body Structures

81. Vestigial Organs traces of homologous organs in other species
Organ that serves no useful function
e.g. Appendix

82. 13. Evidence of Evolution Similarities in Embryology
In their early stages of development, chickens, turtles and rats look similar, providing evidence that they shared a common ancestry.

83. Embryological development