1. Temperature and Heat
Unit 6: Thermal Energy

2. The Kinetic Theory of Matter
The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms or molecules) that are in constant motion
The particles are either vibrating in place or moving around
When materials heat up, these particles move faster
When materials cool, particle speed decreases

3. Heat Transfer
Heat is the transfer of energy from one object to another because of differences in temperature
Heat ALWAYS flows from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature

4. Temperature
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object

5. Temperature Three scales are used to measure temperature:
Fahrenheit (℉)
Celsius (℃)
Kelvin (K) → no degree symbol

6. Fahrenheit (℉)
Fahrenheit is the temperature scale used in the United States
Boiling point of water in ℉ = 212 ℉
Freezing point of water in ℉ = 32 ℉

7. Celsius (℃) Celsius is used in most other countries
Boiling point of water in ℃ = 100 ℃
Freezing point of water in ℃ = 0 ℃

8. Kelvin (K)
Kelvin is the SI (International System of Units) for temperature
0 K = absolute zero
At absolute zero, particle movement stops completely
It is a theoretical value (has not been achieved yet)