1. Flatworms, Nematodes, Annelids,
Marine Worms
Flatworms, Nematodes, Annelids,

2. General Characteristics of Marine Worms
Bilateral symmetry
Cephalization (Has a head)- Has a nerve net that concentrates around the head
Head has eyespots that are sensitive to light
Hydrostatic skeleton (no bones)
most are benthic

3. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) General characteristics
Acoelamates- having no body cavity
No segments,
No circulatory system,
No Respiratory system (get nutrients and oxygen through diffusion
Has 3 true body layers, endodermis, epidermis an mesoderm
Flame cells used for excreting waste
Ciliated body

4. Flatworms Most turbellarians are Carnivorous
Chemoreceptors to detect prey
unique prey-capturing mechanisms
Stab__
Suffocate_
pharynx secretes enzymes and pulls in food
food is digested in the gastrovascular cavity which functions as a mouth and an anus.
Flat worm hunts Crab

5. Flatworms Reproduction _Asexually through regeneration
_Sexually_: Flat worms are hermaphrodites. They produce both egg and sperm but do not self fertilate

6. 3 Types of platyhenthisis
1. Turbellarians (Non Parasitic)
Planarian,
Can regenerate itself if cut into.
Leopard flatworm worm

7. Parasitic worms (flukes and tapeworms)
2. Cestoda,(tapeworms) – Paracidic, live in the intestine of animals and humans.
Can grow to be over 100 feet long
The scolex is the head with suckers or barbs to attach to the hose.
Proglottids are individual body sections that separate from body and carry fertilized eggs.
NO digestive system

8. Life cycle of a fish tapeworm

9. Flukes 3. Trematoda (flukes) such as blood flukes
small flat worms which are internal parasites of mollusks and vertebrates
have a complex life cycle of at least 2 hosts.

10. Nematodes _round worms, tapered at both ends _No segments___
_They have a body cavity_: Hence why round in shape
__Most numerous animals on the planet__
Handful of sediment may contain 3 million nematodes

11. Nematods Nonparasitic species are scavengers and are small in size__
Parasitic and carnivorous species are larger_:

12. Annelids Bodies divided into _Segments_
Has _a closed circulatory system__
“more advanced” worm
Setae: used for locomotion and defense
Polychaetes (Not a bird)  are the main type of marine worm: For example, earthworm is an annelid, but it is not a polychaete
↑ common marine polychaetes
↓ deep sea vent tube worms

13. Annelids Polychaetes Annelids 2 Types:
← errant polychaete
featherduster→
Annelids
Polychaetes Annelids 2 Types:
_Type 1: Sedentary polychaetes that burrow or built tubes of sand, calcium carbonate, proteins. They filter feed_with cilia that extend from tubes and the aid of chemoreceptors.

14. My Favorite Sedentary Polychaetes: _Christmas Tree Worms_;
Also used in Avatar; IN Real Life
Use their gills to capture plankton

15. As seen in Avatar Christmastree worm

16. Polychaetes Annelids 2 Types:
Type 2: _Errant (swim)_polychaetes have jaws with teeth_ and nocturnally hunt small invertebrates. Many are poisonous and have a painful bite.

17. Sexual Reproduction in Polychaetes
_Epitoky_ is a form of reproduction ,The worms undergo a transformation into an _Epitoke, a pelagic morph capable of _Sexual Reproduction.
Often an epitoke is the end part of the worm, which separates from the head. The end then releases the eggs or sperm. .

18. Other Marine Worms
_Peanut Worms_: Filter Feeder that burrows in the sand, sticking out its head to feed

19. Other Marine Worms
_Spaghetti worms__: lies hidden in sediment or rocky crevices while its food-gathering tentacles wave overhead.

20. Other Marine Worms
Fire worms have bristles that are filled with venom and easily break when touched to discourage predators. They also inflict a painful rash on any human who handles them

21. Aliens or Marine Worms? New Species, of marine worms
Yet still to be named……..

22. Marine Worms Name the three types/classifications of worms
List them from simple to complex
List three characteristics of each type of worm
Give two examples of sexual reproduction for worms
Describe two ecological roles of marine worms.
What is swimmers itch?
Define: Sedentary, Cephalization, Benthic, Errant, Polychaete and gastrovascular cavity 7.