1. Propaganda War Total war included controlling public opinion
Censored press
Hid discouraging news
Propaganda was used to spread ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause

4. Women join the War Effort
Women played critical role
At home, kept national economies going
Nurses near front lines

5. Morale Collapses
Despite efforts, by 1917, morale of troops & civilians plunged
Germany was sending 15 year olds to fight
Britain near bankruptcy
“You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye
Who cheer when soldier lads march by,
Sneak home and pray you’ll never know
The hell where youth & laughter go”
- Siegfried Sassoon, “Suicide in the Trenches”

6. Russian Revolution However… 3 years of war hit Russia hard
Incompetent generals
Corruption
Food/supply shortages
March 1917, Russians overthrow Tsar
Allies welcome the revolution
New democratic nation would be a stronger ally
However…

7. Russian Revolution Vladimir Lenin Promised to pull troops out of war
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Early 1918
Signed with Germany
Pulled Russia out of WW1

8. Self –determination for Eastern Europe
14 Points
January 1918, Wilson issued 14 Points
List of terms for resolving this and future wars
Self –determination for Eastern Europe

9. September, German generals told kaiser the war could not be won
Victory at Last
Final showdown on Western Front, early 1918
Germans wanted major victory before US showed up
Launch huge offensive, push Allies back 40 miles
Efforts exhausted Central Powers
Americans arrived
September, German generals told kaiser the war could not be won
William II stepped down & went to exile in Netherlands

10. Victory at Last The Great War came to an end
Austria-Hungary near collapse
Bulgaria & Ottoman Empire ask for peace
11 a.m. November 11, 1918
New German government sought an armistice
The Great War came
to an end

13. Treaty of Versailles Peace treaty officially ending WW1
Signed June 28, 1919 (5 years after the assassination)
Written by the Allies
15 parts
440 articles
Germany signed under protest
Examples:
Accept full responsibility for WW1
Germany forced to disarm

14. Treaty of Versailles Examples: Accept full responsibility for WW1
Germany forced to disarm
Germany forced to give land back to France
Germany must pay reparations of 132 billion Marks ($442 Billion in 2014)