1. Is Breathing the same as Respiration?
Respiratory System
Is Breathing the same as Respiration?

2. Is Breathing Respiration?
NO!
Breathing is simply bringing in fresh air and releasing stale air.
What is respiration?

3. respiration Using oxygen to make energy!
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Oxygen +sugar  carbon dioxide +water +
energy

4. DO NOW ____________ + ___________ = CO2 + H20 + ____________
____________ + ___________ =
CO2 + H ____________
= Respiration

5. Nasal cavity
pharynx
epiglottis
larynx
bronchi
Trachea
Left lung
Right lung
diaphragm

6. bronchus
trachea
bronchus
lung
lung
bronchioles
pleura
diaphragm
alveoli

8. Alveoli

9. Nasal Cavity From the nostrils, air passes through
Also referred to as ‘Nasal Passages’.
From the nostrils, air passes through
your nasal cavity, where it
gets moistened and warmed.
Glands that produce sticky mucus
line the nasal cavity.
The mucus traps dust, pollen, and
other materials – helping to filter and
cleanse the air you breathe.

10. A tube like passageway for both
Pharynx
A tube like passageway for both
food and air.

11. Epiglottis A flap of tissue. When you swallow, the epiglottis
folds down so that food and liquid are
prevented from entering your larynx.

12. Epiglottis

14. I'm Choking!

15. Larynx The airway to which your vocal chords are attached.
Sound is produced when air moves past,
causing them to vibrate.

16. Trachea A tube about 12 cm in length.
C-shaped rings of cartilage keep the
trachea open and prevent it from collapsing.
The trachea is also lined with mucus.
Tracheotomy ?

17. Bronchi At the lower end of the trachea are
two branches that carry air
to each lung.
These bronchi continue to
branch out into
smaller and smaller tubes.

18. Diaphragm The sheet of muscle responsible for breathing.
Inhalation is caused by
contraction.
Exhalation is caused by
relaxation.
Change in pressure.

19. Ribs and Intercostal Muscles
Aid the diaphragm by
pulling the ribs up and out.

20. Fluid filled sac that surrounds each lung.
Pleura
Fluid filled sac that surrounds each lung.
Protects the lungs

21. The smallest tubes which finally
Bronchiole
The smallest tubes which finally
end in tiny air sacs.

22. Alveoli At the end of each bronchiole are
clusters of tiny, thin walled sacs
called alveoli.

23. Do Now: List the pathway of air through the respiratory system

29. Do now: Explain this picture

30. How does the oxygen get from the alveoli into the blood?
Capillaries!
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillary and ….
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.

37. The diaphragm is the muscle that controls the breathing process.
As the diaphragm contracts it causes the chest to expand and air is sucked into the lungs.
When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest collapses and the air in the lungs is forced out.

38. Diseases of Respiratory System
Bronchitis:
Inflammation of the bronchi
Chronic or acute
Chronic: Long term, persistent
Acute: Short and severe

39. Emphysema The alveoli lose their ability to expand and contract.
Most cases result from smoking

40. Lung Cancer
Uncontrolled division of cells in the lungs resulting in a tumor.
Third leading cause of death in men and women in the US.
Inhaling carcinogens is the leading cause of lung cancer

42. Asthma Bronchial tubes contract restricting air flow.
Often an allergic reaction
Treated with bronchodilator medication

43. Urinary System

44. What is Excretion?
Eliminating waste!

45. 4 Systems of Excretion H2O, Salt, Urea CO2, H2O, Heat H2O, Undigested
Food
H2O, Salt, Urea

46. 4 Systems of Excretion
Respiratory System: Removes carbon dioxide, water and heat.
Skin: Sweat removes water, salt and urea (chemical waste made by cells).
Urinary System: Removes excess water, salt and other chemicals (urea).
Digestive System: Removes water and undigested food.

47. DO NOW
What are the four systems of excretion and what do they excrete?

48. Functions of the Urinary System
1. Rids the body of waste produced by metabolism of nutrients.
2. Controls blood volume by removing excess water in blood.
3. Balances specific levels of salts needed for chemical reactions to take place.
4. Helps maintain homeostasis.

49. Urinary System

50. Kidneys
Renal
artery
Renal
vein
Ureter
Urinary
Bladder
Urethra

51. Kidneys One on either side of your spine
Filters the blood to remove waste

52. Ureter Two tubes that connect each kidney to the bladder
Carries urine to the bladder

53. Urinary bladder Sac that stores urine
Muscles allow control of urination

54. Urethra
Tube through which urine is released from the body.

55. Renal artery
Blood vessel that brings “dirty” blood to the kidneys

56. Renal vein
Blood vessel that brings “clean” blood away from the kidneys

57. Renal vein
Renal artery

62. DO NOW Which organ is responsible for making urine?
What are the two steps of urine formation?

63. Relate the equipment to the structures of the kidney

64. Blood
Components
Filtered
(Capsule)
Reabsorbed
(tubule)
Wastes
(excreted)
Not

65. Diseases of the urinary system
What can result if water is not filtered out of the blood properly?
1. Hypertension: If the kidneys do not filter water properly blood volume increases leading to high blood pressure.

66. 2. Kidney Malfunction
What other affects can occur if the kidneys do not work properly?
Water buildup in feet and around heart
Heart has to work harder.
Imbalance of salt
Kidneys eventually become damaged permanently. What will this lead to?

67. 3. Kidney Failure Kidneys stop working.
Waste builds up and become toxic.
A dialysis machine is used to mechanically “clean” the blood.

69. 4. Cancer Bladder cancer: tumor in the bladder
Renal cancer: tumor in the kidney

70. 5. Bacterial Infection
Bacteria enter the urethra and cause an infection.
Treated with antibiotics.

71. DO NOW
List and describe 2 diseases of the urinary system

72. Skin

73. Functions of Skin Skin protects your body
Skin has sensory receptors (touch).
Skin makes vitamin D
Skin helps regulate body temperature.
Skin excretes waste (sweat)

74. Skin is made up of 3 layers

78. Amazing Facts
At rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each minute.
The right lung is slightly larger than the left.(Can you think why?)
Hairs in the nose help to clean the air we breathe as well as warming it.
The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour.
You can not sneeze with your eyes open.
The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court.
The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to end.
We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass.
A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute.
The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.