1. Notepack # 39
Aim: How can we group organisms that have similar characteristics? Taxonomy- The Science of Classification
Do Now: Look at the 3 organisms on the board. construct a Venn diagram showing similarities among the organisms.

2. What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms.
At least 1.7 million species of living organisms have been discovered.
It is estimated that there are over 100-million organisms living on the Earth.
New organisms are discovered all the time.
Taxonomy allows scientist to categorize organisms and put them in some kind of order so that the organisms can be easier to find in a data base and easier to study

3. How do you categorize organisms?
Taxonomy begins by grouping organisms based on certain characteristics.
The groups are further separated based on other characteristics that are not shared by all organisms.
This step is further repeated until groups of organism become unique with specific characteristic that is shared with a few organisms.

4. These are all animals, but how can we separate them into smaller groups that have specific characteristics?

5. Fishes
Reptiles
Mammals

6. Mammals
4 Legs
2 Legs and 2 “Arms”

7. 2 Legs and 2 “Arms”
Have Tails
Have No Tails

8. Have No Tails
Lives in the Trees
Lives on the Ground

9. Animals Mammals Reptiles 2 Legs and 2 Arms 4 Legs Fishes Legs No Legs
Tails
No Tails
Fresh water
Salt water
No Shell
Shell
On Ground
In trees

10. How does taxonomy show relationships?
Phylogenetic Tree- is a graphic interpretation showing the grouping of individuals based on common traits. It also should points where there is a separation between individuals based on subtle differences.
Lines represent connections between groups.
Where the lines of two items meet, is the place of common ancestry.
The closer the lines intersect, the more closely the items are related. The further the more distant.

11. Which animal is more closely related to the primate
Which animal is more closely related to the primate? The rabbit or the crocodile?

12. Which animal is more closely related to the Brachiopods
Which animal is more closely related to the Brachiopods? The crustaceans or the worms?

13. 2 3 4 5 1 10 8 9 7 6 14 11 12 15 13 18 19 20 21 17 22 25 26 24 23

14. 11 4 3 9 2 1 14 10 24 25 5 21 18 8 17 15 20 22 13 23 12 19 26 6 7

15. Kingdoms Kingdoms are the largest category of living things.
There are five kingdoms:
Monera—have no nuclei; bacteria and blue-green algae
Protista—one-celled organisms that have a nuclei
Fungi—multicellular; parasites or saprophytes that live off of other living things and have nuclei
Plants—multicellular; make their own food
Animal—multicellular; cannot make their own food

16. Kingdoms Single celled organism- Ameba, paramecium
Protista
Fungi
Plant
Animal
Monera
Kingdoms
Single celled organism- Ameba, paramecium
Bacteria & Non-nucleated organisms
Fish, Amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
Green plants, Trees
Mushroom, Fungus & Mold

17. Phylum The second largest category is called phylums.
There are many phylums but for this class we’ll only talk about the animal phylums: vertebrates and invertebrates.
Vertebrates are animals with backbones. Phylum: Chordata
Invertebrate have no backbone. Phylum: Invertebrates

18. Class Class is the third largest group.
There are five major classes of vertebrates:
Fish – Cold-blooded, Scales, Fins, Gills, Lays eggs
Amphibians - Breath through gills, lungs, or skin, Lay eggs in water, Begin life by breathing through gills and later develop lungs.
Reptiles- Cold-blooded, Covered with scales, Air-breathing, Most lay eggs, but some can give birth
Birds- Warm blooded, feathers, Lay eggs, wings and most can fly Beaks with no teeth
Mammals - Have fur or hair, Warm-blooded, Give birth to live young, Produce milk for young.

19. Class
Fishes
Amphibians
Reptiles
Mammals
Birds
Classes of
Vertebrates

20. Order, Family, Genus and Species
Order and then family continue to separate into smaller and smaller categories.
Primates,
Marsupialia.
Rodentia,

21. Family, Genus and Species names get even more specific
Family, Genus and Species names get even more specific. The Genus will generally tell you what type of animal it is (bear, dog, cat, etc.) The Species tells exactly which kind of animal it is (panda bear, polar bear, grizzly bear, or black bear)

22. Kingdoms Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Kingdoms are the most general of the categories. They contain the most organisms
Kingdoms
- there are 5
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species are the most specific of the categories. They contain the least amount of organisms.
Species

23. King Phillip Came Over For Great Soup
Ki n g d o m
Or d e r
Fa mi l y
Ph y l u m
Cl a s s
Ge n u s
Sp e c i e s