1. Physiology, cognition, and emotion
Emotions (Chapter 11)
Lecture Outline:
Emotions and faces
Physiology, cognition, and emotion
Deception

4. Three influences on emotions
Physiological changes
Cognitive processes
Cultural influences

5. The Face of Emotion Emotion has survival function
e.g., anger and fear in the “face” of danger
Ekman’s neuro-cultural theory
Seven universal facial expressions
Two factors involved—Face muscle physiology and cultural variations
Masking emotions

7. Paul Ekman: Facial Action Coding

8. The Face of Emotion Facial feedback
Importance of baby-parent facial expressions
Facial feedback
Facial muscles send messages to brain

9. Emotion and the Brain
Emotions appear to processed in the right hemisphere of the brain
Experience of emotion
Positive emotions in left hemisphere, approach responses
Negative emotions in right hemisphere, avoidance responses
Amygdala in brainstem: Immediate emotional reactions
What do you do when startled? Jump?
Frontal lobe injury: Anger management problems

10. Emotion and Hormones Two hormones involved produced by adrenal gland
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Produce state of arousal and alertness
Released during many emotional states

11. Does the Body Lie?
Physiological measurement has been used to detect lies
BP, HR, Skin conductance, respiration rate are assessed to a baseline of innocuous questions
Significant questions slipped in: Do physiological changes result?
Why? It takes energy to inhibit responses and lie.
Polygraphs are unreliable, result in too many false positives (innocent people fail because they are nervous about the accusation)

12. Does the face lie? Is this person modeling genuine warmth or concealed irritation?

13. Emotional experience What comes first, cognition or emotion?
Has anyone here told ghost stories in an old house? What happens?
You can be “afraid” in a big empty house, and then begin thinking about frightening things happening: Emotion causes cognition
Someone can tell you stories in a big empty house and you end up afraid: Cognition causes emotion
Do you show fear in your facial expression? Do you eye an escape route? How do you control your fear?

14. Field Experiment Go on a blind date
Before going, eat three chocolate bars
They are full of caffeine and sugar: Results in a highly alert and emotionally aroused state
How will you interpret this arousal?
Is it attraction to the person you are with?
Is it illness or anger?
You make cognitive attributions about physiological states such as these