1. Free Space Optics (FSO) Technology Overview

2. Presentation Overview
Introduction
Why Free Space Optics?
How FSO Works
Challenges
Advantages of FSO
Applications of FSO

3. INTRODUCTION
Free space optics is line of sight technology which uses laser and photo detector to provide optical connection between two system without fiber.
FSO can transmit data ,audio and video at the speed of 2.5GHz.
FSO uses invisible infrared laser light with wavelength of 750nm or 1500nm..
FSO is full duplex(It can transmit data in both direction).

4. Why Free Space Optics? Why Not Just Bury More Fiber?
Cost
Rights of Way
Permits
Trenching
Time
With FSO, especially through the window, no permits, no digging, no fees

5. Why Free Space Optics? The FSO “Value Proposition”
No interference
Unlicensed
Easy to install
Through the window (or from the rooftop)
No trenching, no permits
Fiber-like data rates
Many deployment options
Fungible equipment

6. Why Free Space Optics? How Fiber Optic Cable Works
Glass Fiber Strands
Light Source
Detector
Detector
Light Source
Network Device
Network Device
Pulses of light communicate the data
“ON” = 1
“OFF = 0
Capable of more than 40 Gbps
>7 CDs a second

7. Anything that can be done in fiber can be done with FSO
How FSO Works 3
A receiver at the other end of the link collects the light using lenses and/or mirrors 2
Transmitter projects the carefully aimed light pulses into the air 5
Reverse direction data transported the same way.
Full duplex 1
Network traffic converted into pulses of invisible light representing 1’s and 0’s 4
Received signal converted back into fiber or copper and connected to the network
Anything that can be done in fiber can be done with FSO

8. Challenges Environmental factors
Sunlight
Window
Attenuation
Fog
Building Motion
Alignment
Scintillation
Range
Obstructions
Low Clouds
Each of these factors can “attenuate” (reduce) the signal. However, there are ways to mitigate each environmental factor.

9. Challenges Atmospheric Attenuation - FOG
Absorption or scattering of optical signals due to airborne particles
Primarily FOG but can be rain, snow, smoke, dust, etc.
Can result in a complete outage
FSO wavelengths and fog droplets are close to equal in size
(Mie Scattering)
Typical FSO systems work 2-3X further than the human eye can see
High availability deployments require short links that can operate in the fog

10. Challenges Low Clouds, Rain, Snow and Dust
Very similar to fog
May accompany rain and snow
Rain
Drop sizes larger than fog and wavelength of light
Extremely heavy rain (can’t see through it) can take a link down
Water sheeting on windows
Heavy Snow
May cause ice build-up on windows
Whiteout conditions
Sand Storms
Likely only in desert areas; rare in the urban core

11. Challenges Scintillation
Beam spreading and wandering due to propagation through air pockets of varying temperature, density, and index of refraction.
Almost mutually exclusive with fog attenuation.
Results in increased error rate but not complete outage.

12. ADVANTAGES OF FSO DATA SECURITY:
To overcome the security in a network two conditions are necessary
1)Intercept enough of the signal to reconstruct data packet and
2)Be able to decode that information.
NO LICENCE REQUIRE
INSTALLATION COST IS VERY LOW
HIGHLY SECURED TRANSMISSION IS POSSIBLE
HIGH DATA RATE UPTO 2.5 GHz TO 10 GHz IN NEARER FUTURE .

13. APPLICATION OF FSO IT IS USED IN MILLITARY APPLICATIONS Air Force Navy
Its potential for low electromagnetic emanation when transferring sensitive data
Navy
Secure communication with submerged submarines.

14. THANK YOU