1. Chapter Two: The Planting of English America

2. English Exploration
Religious conflict delayed English Exploration in the 15th Century
Protestant Reformation
Catholic vs. Protestant
Queen Elizabeth ascends to the thrown in 1558
Elizabeth is Protestant
Start of a new rivalry with Catholic Spain
Spain Attacks England by sea in 1588
Storm destroys the entire Spanish Armada
Ensured naval dominance in North America

3. Newfoundland (England) 1583 Roanoke Island (England) 1585
Early Colonies
Push / pull factors
Newfoundland (England) 1583
Roanoke Island (England) 1585
Jamestown (England) 1607
Quebec (France) 1608
Santa Fe (Spain) 1610
Overpopulation
Religious Conflict
Primogeniture
Adventure
3G’s – God, Gold, Glory
Unemployment
Joint Stock Companies
Investors pool capital and invest in a colony

4. Jamestown (1607)
Charter granted settlers the same rights as if they still lived in England
Purpose: Resources, Gold, Route to the Indies
Originally not a long term plan
Virginia Company granted charter from King James

5. Jamestown Continued Mosquito infested (malaria)
Many die from disease, malnutrition & Starvation
English “Gentlemen” not fit for “survival”
Spent time looking for gold instead

6. “He who shall not work shall not eat”
Jamestown Continued
Captain John Smith
Kidnapped by Powhatan Chief
Meets Pocahontas
Mediates and helps maintain peace
Hard times continue to plague the colonists
Starving Time
Winter of
Cannibalism
Eat dogs, cats, rats, ect.
60/400 settlers survive
“He who shall not work shall not eat”

7. “War Without Peace or Truce”
New Governor Lord De La Warr
Imposes harsh military rule on colony
Declares war against Natives in region
Powhatan Confederacy: small tribes loosely affiliated with Powhatan supremacy
Powhatan wars and disease drive Natives west and decimate population
Powhatan’s fall victim to the 3 D’s
Disease, disorganization & disposability

8. Demographic & Cultural Change
Horses – allow natives to migrate west
Disease – devastates native populations
Trade – European desire for goods (guns, furs, ect) creates competition between tribes

9. The “Pungent Weed” John Wolfe perfects method to grow tobacco 1612
European demand increases
Gave Virginia a firm economic foundation
Increased need for labor
Promoted plantation system

10. Virginia First representative Self Government in the colonies
The House of Burgesses
Representative parliamentary assembly that established a precedent for government in the English Colonies
King James Revokes the Charter in 1624
Does not trust the assembly
Virginia becomes a Royal Colony under his control

11. Maryland Actually provided less religious toleration
Founded by Lord Baltimore in 1634
Purpose: profit and refuge for Catholics
Tobacco colony relies heavily on tobacco
Act of Toleration: provided religious toleration to all Christians living in Maryland
Death penalty for Jews, atheists, and anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus
Actually provided less religious toleration

12. The West Indies England claims several islands in the West Indies
Tobacco = poor mans crop
Sugar Cane = Rich mans crop
Needed large quantities to yield profit
Needed a large labor force
By 1700 slaves outnumber whites 4:1
Barbados Slave code (1661)
Denied fundamental rights to slaves and gave masters complete control over them

14. The Carolinas King Charles II grants aristocrats land
Many small English farmers were eventually pushed out of the West Indies by large plantation systems
Start moving to the Carolinas around 1670
Rice emerges as the principal crop
Many brought the slave system with them
By 1710 majority of Carolinians were slaves

15. North Carolina Royal Colony – separates from South Carolina in 1712
Least aristocratic of Colonies
Democratic, independent minded
Many come from Virginia
“the quintessence of Virginias discontent”
Newcomers were often squatters: without legal right to the soil, small farmers with no slaves

16. Georgia Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 Created as a buffer
Spanish in the South
French in the South east
Least populated colony
Place where debtors in prison could go to start a new life

17. The Plantation Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
Devoted to exporting commercial agriculture (tobacco & rice)
Slavery was found in all the plantation colonies to some extent
Soil Butchery: excessive tobacco growing
Drove settlers west