1. Kuliah 7
E M O T I O N S

2. Emotions
Reaction patterns toward challenging stimuli that arise involuntarily .
Accompanied by physiological reactions

3. Plutchik’s 8 Basic Categories of Emotions

4. Plutchik’s 3 dimensional model of 8 basic categories of emotions

5. James-Lange Theory of Emotions
Cerebral Cortex
Stimulus
Physiological Reactions
The body first responds physiologically to a stimulus, and then the cerebral cortex determines which emotion is being experienced. Therefore, emotions are results of physical changes.
Contoh : berhadapan dg. Beruang, jantung berdebar, emosi takut adalah pengalaman dari perubahan fisik ini.
Angin berhembus, bulu kuduk berdiri lalu ada perasaan takut

6. Canon-Bard Theory of Emotions
Cannon-Bard Theory
Cerebral Cortex
Physiological Reactions
Stimulus
Impulses are sent simultaneously to the cerebral cortex and peripheral nervous system; thus response to stimulus and emotion are experienced at the same time.
Contoh: lihat beruang, lari sambil merasa takut.
Dengar sesuatu meledak otomatis badan bereaksi sambil kaget takut.

7. Cognitive Theory of Emotions
Cerebral Cortex
Physiological Reactions
Stimulus
Cerebral cortex and peripheral nervous system work jointly to determine which emotions we feel. Contoh : reaksi emosi dipengaruhi oleh cara kita menginterpretasi suatu situasi. Lihat orang jatuh ada yang ketawa ada yang sedih.

8. The Expression of Emotion
Verbal Communication
Do not always reflect accurately what people are feeling
Non-Verbal Communication
Interest
Joy
Distress
Sadness
Anger
Fear
1. Facial expression :

9. 2. Body Language
Relaxed
Tense
Defeat
3. Acts
Slam door
Phone call at 2am

10. Gender Differences Are there gender differences in emotion?
Men less emotional? Women more emotional?
Answer :
Men do not have less emotion, but they express emotion less.  more inhibited in emotions.
Women tend to be more emotionally expressive  more open about feelings.
Men tend to interpret cause of anger outside themselves and turn their anger outward
There are differences in types of emotional responses. Men tend to be more aggressive, angry.
Women tend to be sad, disappointed, hurt.

11. Emotional Stress Internal state caused by :
Physical demands on body
Environmental/social situations
Causes of stress = stressors
Response to stress :
Bodily response- illness, sleeplessness, weight loss
Psychological response- depressed, anxiety etc.

12. Stress Overloading Change stressors Chemical Stressors
Distress
Change stressors
Chemical Stressors
Commuting stressors
Decision stressors
Disease stressors
Emotional stressors
Environmental stressors
Family stressor
Pain stressors
Phobic stressors
Physical stressors
Social stressors
Work stressors
Where stress comes form:
STRESSORS
Stress Overloading
Behavioral
(e.g. over eating and excessive alcohol consumption)
Physiological
(e.g. Heightened muscle tension, elevated blood pressure, and rapid heart beat)
Emotional
(e.g. heightened anxiety, depression, and anger)
Cognitive
(e.g. Increased distractibility, decreased concentration)
Immediate effects:
Distress Cycle
Behavioral disorders
(e.g. obesity and alcoholism)
Medical disorders (e.g., headaches, hypertension, and heart disease)
Emotional disorders
(e.g. chronic anxiety and depression, phobias, personality changes, and mental illness)
Cognitive disorders
(e.g. memory problems, obsessive thoughts, and sleep disorders)
Long-term effects:
Decreased Productivity
Decreased enjoyment
Decreased intimacy
Over-all costs:

13. Wellness Health-Promoting Lifestyle Responses
Change stressors
Chemical Stressors
Commuting stressors
Decision stressors
Disease stressors
Emotional stressors
Environmental stressors
Family stressor
Pain stressors
Phobic stressors
Physical stressors
Social stressors
Work stressors
Where stress comes form: STRESSORS
Health-Promoting
Lifestyle Responses
Adaptive Behavioral
Responses
(e.g., assertiveness, time management)
Adaptive Physical
Responses
(e.g., Nutrition exercise, relaxation)
Adaptive, cognitive, and emotional responses
(e.g. stress inoculation, cognitive restructuring)
Techniques and skills:
Increased self-esteem, self-respect, and self-confidence
Improved physical health and resistance to disease
Improved mental health and resistance to future stressors
Long-term effects:
Wellness Cycle
Increased Productivity
Increased enjoyment
Increased intimacy
Over-all benefits:

14. Assignment Group 1 : Find ads expressing fear
Group 2 : Find ads expressing joy
Group 3 : Find ads expressing disgust
Group 4 : Find ads expressing surprise
Group 5 : Find ads expressing anger
Group 6 : Find ads expressing sadness
Group 7 : Find source of stress in ads