1. Colonial America:
The Middle Colonies

2. England Seizes the Dutch Colonies
1497- John Cabot claims all land b/t Newfoundland and Florida for England
1664- King Charles II gave brother James (Duke of York) a grant w/ New Netherland in it!
Sent warships to make sure wouldn’t be a problem
New Netherland’s Governor Peter Stuyvesant
Colorful, peg-legged, military hero
Ruled for 17 years
Land diverse, people too
Many languages
To fix colony’s $ problems, he raises taxes

3. New York / New Jersey 1664- Warships arrive in New Amsterdam
People surrender immediately
Rename it after James, the Duke of York
James gave big land grants to loyal friends
Area b/t Hudson and Delaware Rivers to Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton
New Jersey
Attracts settlers quickly
Land on easy terms
Religious freedom
Voting right for legislature
1670- Quakers buy western part of colony

4. Quakers Found Colony
Holy Cow! I’m William Penn the Quaker Oats Guy!?!
1681- Charles II gives large land grant to William Penn (Jr.)
Owes father, Admiral William Penn, $81,000
Wealthy, high social status
But… he’s a Quaker!
Quakers stressed…
Religious tolerance
Simplicity
Kindness to others
Opposed any use of force
Wanted religious, social, and political freedom
All this makes English believe Quakers radicals!
Plus… Not Anglican!
Quakers often imprisoned, tortured, or hung

5. What’s in a Name?
Penn (Jr.) granted colony b/c Charles II owes his father $81,000
Admiral William Penn
Dies in 1670
Debt cancelled with land grant
Wants to name it Penn’s Land (for Dad)
King’s Council says NO! b/c Quaker
Names it Sylvania (woods)
King Charles II renames Pennsylvania
Meaning “Penn’s Woods” in honor of his friend

6. Pennsylvania Penn pays natives for land & treats as equals
Sets up capital as Philadelphia personally
Meaning “Brotherly Love”
Attracts settlers w/ stories of great soil and climate
Promises
Religious freedom
A voice in gov’t
Prospers from beginning
Produces large crops of wheat and other food crops
1682- gets more land and expands west to Delaware Bay
Defeat of Dutch by Duke of York
Penn’s Quaker beliefs not good according to Dutch settlers already in the area
Begin petitioning for autonomy
Granted in 1704
Delaware Colony
Mr. Zoller’s Podcast: 13 Colonies- The Middle Colonies (11:22)