1. Mr West The man, the myth, the legend
Acids and Bases
Mr West
The man, the myth, the legend
Hcl and aluminium bomb
Add bung rather than screw top?

2. Chemistry Study of Chemicals and how they react
Everything is made of chemicals
They are made of elements.
There are over 100 elements

3. What are Acids? Acids are common
Some are dangerous and can burn your skin
Some are safe to eat and drink
Stomach acid helps digest food
Brainstorm understanding of acids (examples, what they do, how to test) fizz dissolve dangerous, dissolve metal, burn skin
Name some in kitchen
Vinegar, wine gone off, citric acid, batteries
What taste sour
H/O what do you know abt acid and base cut n paste
Read aloud H/O acid burns
Zn + HCl in test tube with balloon over the top, floats can be lit (pop test) Hindenberg
explosion

4. ACIDS
An acid is a compound that increases the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water (H+)
An acid solution tastes sour
An acid can change the color of certain compounds

5. Acids Definition Examples A group of compounds which behave similarly
All have low pH
Turn Litmus paper RED
All donate H+ ions in aqueous (dissolves in water) solution
Examples
Hydrochloric HCl
Sulfuric H2SO4
Nitric HNO3
Ethanoic CH3COOH
Demo 3 beakers add h20 pour into phenolpthaelin then base
Mineral acids tend to be strong, donate lots H+ organic acids (carboxylic acids) are weak don’t fully dissociate
Learn these names and formula you will be tested
EXPT Fair test planning for carbonate missile

6. USES OF ACIDS
Citric acid and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) are found in orange juice
Carbonic acid and phosphoric acid give a “bite” to soft drinks
Acids in your stomach aid in digestion
Sulfuric acid is the most widely used industrial acid in the world. It is used in making metals, paper, paints, and fertilizers.

7. Acids A dilute acid has lots of water and a small amount of acid
A concentrated acid has lots of acid and not much water so must be handled carefully
A strong acid releases lots of H+
A weak acid releases fewer H+
Lesson 2
Write bomb equation NaHCo3 + CH3CooH -> Ch3CooNa +H20 + CO2
Aim to work out how to make the canister fly furthest. Can alter the amount of acid and trajectory angle. How do you ensure fair test. Discussion.
Expt film canister and bicarbonate explosions who can get the furthest, FAIR TEST angle of trajectory, amount acid

8. What are Bases (Alkalis)?
In our home we often use bases to clean things. Eg Bleach and toothpaste
Some things are not acids or bases, we say that they are neutral. Eg Water
Lesson 3
Kids write from board “Acid and base are opposite one neutralises the other”
Toothpaste neutralises acids formed by plaque bacteria, bee sting (formic acid baking soda neutralise)
Bases which are soluble in water are called alkalis (feel soapy as they turn oils on hands into soap)
EXPT make soap see H/O

9. BASES
A base is any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions (OH-) when mixed with water
A base solution tastes bitter
A base solution feels slippery
A base can change the color of certain compounds

10. Bases Definition Examples A family of compounds that behave similarly
Have a high pH
Turn litmus BLUE
All donate OH-
Examples
Ammonia NH3
Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
Ammonia in household cleaners NH# forms NH4+ and oh- (hydroxide ion) in water
NaOH in oven cleaner, drain cleaner (dissolves grease)

11. Uses of Bases Bases are used in soaps (remember, bases are slippery)
Bases are used to make paper, in oven cleaners, and to unclog drains
Ammonia is a base and is used in many household cleaners

12. Measuring acid strength?
To decide if something is an acid or a base we can use an indicator.
Litmus and Universal Indicator are examples of indicators.
They change color depending on if they are in an acid or a base.
Lesson 4
How do we test?
Demo invisible writing use phenol pthaelin spray with alkali “create a colour PH scale”
Indicators are extracted from plants (lichen) Ph is a measure of the conc of H+ in solution
Chemicals which change colour in the presence of acids or bases
EXPT universal indicator create rainbow in teams of 3 (H/O) colour ph scale naoh strong alkali, nh3 may need to dilute with water
Homework bring in flower to make indicator

13. Working with Indicators
Red litmus turns BLUE in the presence of Bases
Blue litmus turns RED in the presence of acid
Acids and bases react together in a NEUTRALISATION reaction
Lesson 5/6
Demo frothing rainbow (KISS)??????????????????
Draw on board word equation Reactants -- Products, Acid + base --- salt + water eg HCl + NaOH - NaCl + H2O
ALWAYS OBSERVE WHEN MIXING CHEMICALS SMELL< FIZZ< HEAT< COLOUR ETC
EXPT H/O indicators worksheet work in groups (make own indicator)
EXPT find Ph of everyday substances H/O WRITE UP CORRECTLY, conclusion BLUE ALKALI, RED ACID< GREEN NEUTRAL

14. Acid Reactions Acid + Base  Salt + Water
Acid + Metal  Salt + Hydrogen
Acid + Carbonate  Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Hydrochloric acids form CHLORIDE salts
Nitric acid forms NITRATE salts
Sulfuric acid forms SULFATE salts
Lesson 7
Write then do the experment
Hcl + NaOH -> NACl + H2O
2HNO3 + 2K -> 2KNO3 +H2 (note fizzing)
H2SO4 + CaCO3 -> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2 (note fizzing) STALAGMITE formation limestone caves Taj mahal
H/O Acids and bases rules revision
H/O Mix and match overview

15. Acid Rain (sulfur and Nitrogen)
Consider
Causes
natural
human
Effects
buildings
flora
fauna
health
Chemical equations
Prevention/Solution
Lesson 8/9 (show acid rain ppt? research their own)
RECAP was water neutral Why not Co2 in air dissolves to form carbonic acid h2co3
DEMO Marble chips added to H2SO4 OBSERVE fizz = gas
Other Minerals dissolved sulfur dioxide, from power stations volcanoes forms h2so4 and nitrogen dioxide NO2 from car exhausts ACID RAIN
Acid rain H/O and reading( poss read science world pg 256) CREATE POSTER causes of acid rain, chemical reaction involved, effect on buildings, plants , fish , humans include pictures, (might want flow diagram, mind map etc)
PRESENT back to class

16. It’s Not my fault Mr. West

17. Antacid Investigation
NZ facts 2007
70% population get heartburn /GERD
$9m on 1 brand!
3rd most widely prescribed medicine
Which brand is the best?
Lesson 11/12
Gastro Eosophageal Reflux disease
Based on what you have learnt how do they work
Stomach HCl, antacids are bases so neutralise
Interact with drugs which are pH dependent
Antifungal concentrations increased in presence of antacid – potential problems?
EXPT Science world pg 255 find which is most effective g per g, extension cost per g data, which is the best value for money
Create table on board for them to copy
H/O NCEA style 1 questions
H/O equations lots of practise word equations to formula equations balancing equations for excellerant

18. Detecting Acids and Bases
You can detect an acid using an indicator.
INDICATOR - A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base.

19. INDICATORS Litmus paper is an indicator
An acid turns blue litmus paper red
A base turns red litmus paper blue
Cabbage juice can be used as an indicator

20. HOW DO WE MEASURE pH?

21. NEUTRAL
ACID
BASE
The pH Scale

22. NEUTRAL
ACID
BASE
The pH Scale

23. Let’s see what you’ve learned!
Professor Know-It-All wants to know what you’ve learned. Answer the following questions carefully.

24. Question #1
Lemon juice has a pH of 2.2. Is it an acid or a base?

25. Question #2
Detergents such as Tide have a pH of about 10. Is Tide an acid or a base?

26. Question #3
Seawater has a pH of 8.2. Is seawater an acid or a base?

27. Question #4
The inside of your mouth has a pH of 7. Is it an acid or a base?

28. Question #5
How do you think we came up with the term “acid rain”?

29. Question #6
409 cleaner contains ammonia that has a pH of 12. What will 409 do to red litmus paper?

30. Question #7
A soft drink has a pH of 3.2. What will it do to a piece of red litmus paper?

31. You’ve just completed Professor Know-It-All’s Quiz
Mr. West is Cool!!