1. 4k Theoretical Discussion
What content is 4k?
“Mastered in 4k” Blu-ray
Digital Cinemas Cameras
Differentiating 4k from HD

2. Sony Pictures Confidential
4k Definition
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

3. 4k Files Finish in 4k 4k Digital Cinema Downscale to 2k Finish in 2k
Sony F65 – shoot in 4k
Downscale to 2k
Finish in 2k
Master in HD
Blu-ray
“Mastered in 4k”
Scan in 4k
2k Digital Cinema
Shoot on film
Film Scanner
Scan in 2k
Master in HD
Blu-ray
Film in Archive
2k Files
Finish in 2k
2k Digital Cinema
Sony F35 – shoot in HD

4. Digital Cinema Cameras
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

5. HD and 2k Cameras

6. 4k Cameras

7. Sony Pictures Confidential
4k or not?
F55?
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

8. Sony Pictures Confidential
Making 4k better than HD
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

9. Differentiating 4k from HD
Higher resolution alone is not enough, 4k has to be differentiated from HD in four ways:
Higher resolution
Greater bit depth
10-12 bits vs. 8 bits
Higher dynamic range
Better shadows and highlights
Wider color gamut
Display more colors
A consumer sitting further from the screen than the HD viewing distance cannot discern more detail in 4k than in HD
Diagonal Inches
HD Viewing Distance Feet
4k Viewing Distance Feet 85
10.4
5.2 65
8.0
4.0
For example, if you sofa is 10’ from the wall then even on an 85” screen you can’t see more detail in 4k than in HD
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

10. Sony Pictures Confidential
xvYCC color for 4k and HD
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

11. Sony Pictures Confidential
xvYCC Color
Background:
xvYCC is a color space that supports a gamut larger than the color space of HDTV which is called Rec 709
xvYCC was proposed by Sony and published in January 2006 as an IEC standard
xvYCC makes use of code values that are not defined in Rec 709
The Bravia XBR8 supported xvYCC but the feature was removed in later models
Blu-ray discs mastered in xvYCC will be watched by many consumers on TVs that do not support xvYCC
Blu-ray players will not convert from xvYCC to Rec 709
The way that a Rec 709 TV displays xvYCC code values undefined in Rec 709 is also not defined
Care has to be taken when mastering xvYCC content to ensure it looks good when displayed on a Rec 709 TV
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

12. Sony Pictures Confidential
Mastering xvYCC
QC on xvYCC display
BD Master P3
Transform
& Color Correction
xvYCC
Master
QC on Rec 709 display
Notes:
P3 is the color space for digital cinema and all theatrical content is mastered in P3
Rec 709 is the standard color space for HDTV
The xvYCC color space is larger than Rec 709 but smaller than P3
Transform
Rec 709 Master
QC on Rec 709 display
iTunes Master
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

13. Tactical Discussion: Creating more 4k content
New movies and TV
Restorations
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

14. Sony Pictures Confidential
Creating New 4k Content
Shoot in 4k
Finish in 4k
Obstacles:
Arri Alexa 2k camera is very popular with film makers and TV producers
Significantly more data to store and transfer
High cost of memory cards for Sony F65 4k camera
F65 is not a finished product
Red Epic does not look as good as Alexa or F65
Obstacles:
Not all post houses can view 4k
Not all finishing systems can handle 4k
HD TV workflows are established and time critical – finishing in 4k will be incremental
Effects in 4k
Rendering in 4k will take 4x as long as rendering in 2k
Some effects can take 100 hours per frame to render just in 2k
Can render in 2k, and up scale to 4k
Can render in more than 2k but less than 4k and up scale to 4k
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

15. Sony Pictures Confidential
4k Restorations
Can restore anything shot on 35mm or 65/70mm film in 4k
Decreasing number of titles shot on film in last 10 years
All SPE restorations were scanned in 4k but many were finished in 2k
Dirt and scratch fixes done in 2k have to be repeated in 4k
Some studios have restored a number of titles in 4k
Many 4k restorations done at Colorworks or Warner Bros’ MPI facility
Not a large number of titles
Further review needed in order to determine which library titles are suitable for 4k restoration
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

16. Content protection for 4k
Studios’ Viewpoint
HDMI Link
DRM
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

17. Content Protection
Studios show little interest in releasing 4k to the home
Move to 4k in the home is being driven by CE rather than studios
Therefore studios can wait for enhanced content protection before releasing 4k premium content
For example, they will want HDMI connections protected with HDCP 2.1 for 4k premium content
Without adequate protection early adopters of 4k products will be unable to get new 4k premium content
Sony needs a solution for 4k products that have been designed without HDCP 2.1.
Enhanced content protection discussion is being started up in DECE/Ultraviolet
Will cover for 4k, early window HD and 3D content
SPE has suggested Sony take the lead in proposing a workable solution that could get early acceptance
Otherwise industry negotiations for a new content protection system could take a long time: it took 4 years to create the content protection system for Blu-ray
Sony and SPE can investigation existing third party security vendors’ technology
Security requirements for broadcast content may be reduced

18. Sony Pictures Confidential
Work in progress
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

19. SPE Point of View Proposal
Content Delivery
SPE Point of View
Proposal
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential

20. Broadcast (Over the air, cable, satellite, IPTV) Download (EST)
Users
Studios
Broadcasters
Users
Premium Content
(Content with long term value. E.g. Movies, Episodic TV)
Broadcast Content
(Content with transitory value. E.g. Live broadcasts, Sports, Reality TV etc.)
User Content
(Personal content with limited commercial value. E.g. Home videos, uploads to YouTube.)
Streaming
(Internet, video on demand, etc.)
Broadcast (Over the air, cable, satellite, IPTV)
Download (EST)
Physical media
Consumers

21. Content Delivery Models
Electronic Sell Through (EST)
Consumer purchases title through an online account
Consumer downloads and plays content to any device registered to their online account
Examples are Ultraviolet, Amazon, iTunes
Streaming
Consumer purchases title (ownership or rental) through online account
Authorized device connects to streaming provider using online account
Examples are Ultraviolet, Amazon, iTunes, Netflix
Physical media with digital copy or on-line activation
Consumer purchases title on physical media
Physical media “proof of purchase” allows to consumer to add to their online account
Consumer can plays content
Directly from physical media
Using either (1) or (2) above
Examples are Ultraviolet coupons with Blu-ray discs

22. Content Delivery Formats
Physical media, download and streaming are just different ways to get the content to the consumer
Use the same file format for download and physical media
Standardized file format such as the Ultraviolet Common File Format (CFF)
Streaming with industry standard MPEG-DASH
Uses a file format that is similar to CFF
Content format not tied to physical media format
In Blu-ray content format was driven by the disc format and capabilities of hardware devices of the time

23. Sony Pictures Confidential
Next Steps
Resources
9/22/2018
Sony Pictures Confidential