1. The 18th Century Industrial Revolution
The Advent of How the World Now Turns

2. What was the Industrial Revolution?
A monumental shift in the production of goods from hand-craftsmanship methods to machine manufacturing…

3. What changes did the Industrial Revolution bring to Europe?
New means of producing products
Machine made v Artisan made, Guild control
Cost reduction… Quantity v. Quality debate
New work skills required
Job creation, discipline & schedules changed
New products to buy
Want v. Need, not only the rich can have ‘stuff’
Consumerism created, materialism rising

4. Why Great Britain? London: population, hub of fashion & style
Established communication
Social Structure more flexible & mobile
Colonies = raw materials source & market
Free Trade & established infrastructure
Stable & supportive government
Social mimicry
Key Resources
water, iron & coal

5. Cottage Industry

6. Cottage aka Putting Out System

7. How did the Textile Industry change?
Putting-out / Cottage / Domestic system…
Key inventions:
Spinning Jenny
by James Hargreaves
Water Frame by Richard Arkwright
Leads to FACTORY PRODUCTION
Power Loom by Edmund Cartwright
Water is initial power source
What limitations are there at this point?

8. What impact did the Steam Engine have on Industrialism?
Once James Watt perfects it…
Flexible & mobile source of power
Anywhere, anytime… just needs fuel
Created new opportunities, spin-offs
Engineering, manufacturing, service…
Multiple applications
Mining, transportation, factories…
It is THE ENGINE of the
Industrial Revolution

9. Which industries developed?
Textile
Due to population growth = ↑ need
Access to cotton
Iron & Metal working
Smelting Δ > Cast > Pig > Wrought iron
Henry Cort: “puddling” w/ coke = ↑ heat
Transportation
Turnpike + Canal + Railroad development
↑↑ improvement & efficiency

10. Smelting works

11. The Great Exhibition of 1851
During the reign of Queen Victoria & Prince Albert
Hosted by Crystal Palace, London
Demonstrated GB’s industrial creativity & might to the world
GB is #1 INDUSTRIAL NATION, $$$$
“Workshop, banker & trader of the world”
“Sun never sets on the British Empire”

12. Crystal Palace, London

13. The Great Exhibition 1851

14. The Great Exhibition 1851

15. The Great Exhibition 1851

16. Writing Application: 1. Construct an intro paragraph with Contextualization & Thesis 2. Outline key points of Body ¶s
What factors contributing to Great Britain leading the 1st Industrial Revolution of the 18th c.?

17. Spread of Industrialization
Continental development lagged b/c…
Poor roads, tariffs, ↓ bold, guilds, local tradition
Gov’t control stifled innovation, traditions
GB suppressed info / access / product
Low Countries, France, Germans 1st
France, Belgium = textile
Germans = heavy industry (the Ruhr)

18. Spread of industrialization: USA
Use of smuggled industrial plans: Slater
Eli Whitney
Interchangeable parts + cotton gin
Steamboat & Railroad development
Sectionalism: N = industry / S = cotton
Labor Force Mix:
Immigrant, young men / women, Slaves

19. Global Impact of Industrialization
Developed v Undeveloped areas
Third World nations still exist today
West v East Europe = Free v Feudal
Asia / Africa: Europe dominated & ↑↑ $$
Colonial peoples ↓↓ jobs, freedom, status
British East India Co. example:
Forced Indian peoples into poverty, starvation as GB prospered

20. Compare the industrialization of Great Britain to Continental Europe
Writing Application: 1. Construct an intro paragraph with Contextualization & Thesis 2. Outline key points of Body ¶s
Compare the industrialization of Great Britain to Continental Europe

21. What Social Changes Occurred?
Population Growth
Ag Rev + Sci Rev = ↑ pop, exponential
Irish Potato Famine 1840s
GB controlled Ireland, did little to help
Sole crop, “poor man’s food”
Blight > Death
Emigration:
Irish > GB, America, Australia, S. America

22. How did women’s roles change?
Industrialism of farming & textiles…
Male machine operation >> less women
Shifted to other hand-work = ‘women’s work’
Gender-based separation of work >>>
Devaluation of female contribution
Shift in opportunities for females
Removal from technology, left behind…
Men expected to be main provider, higher pay

23. How was social class affected?
New Bourgeoisie = Industrial Middle Class
Professionals,, Finance, Bureaucrats… “White Collar” + $$$ driven Entrepreneurs
New Aristocracy:
Individually owned & operated
Individually generated wealth… risk takers…
Social climbers… sought “gentry” status

24. How was social class affected?
Working Class:
Skilled craftsmen & artisans, but dying out
Ag Labor & domestic servants
Factory Workers… growing over time… proletariat
Technology driven, Job growth, Urban areas, Children

25. Writing Application Construct a thesis…intro paragraph and outline
What factors led to Great Britain being at the forefront of the 18th c. Industrial Revolution?
and
Explain the impact industrialism had on women and their role in society.