1. 2.2- Comparing Bacteria & Archaea
SBI3U1- Ms.Ferrari

2. How can we Compare & Contrast Domains?
Recall: Prokaryotes are represented by 2 domains- Bacteria, Archaea
Therefore we can compare and contrast Bacteria and Archaea by looking at the following:
Type of cell ( eukaryote? Prokaryote? )
Morphology ( shape)
Aggregation ( how are cells grouped together?)
Nutrition
Habitat
Reproduction

3. Similarities btw. Archaea & Bacteria
Cell Type: Both are prokaryotic
Morphology: similar shape- cocci (spheres), bacilli (rods), and spirilli ( spiral cells)
Nutrition: both either consume other organisms or use inorganic compounds
Habitat: Both are found in extreme environments; more archaea live in extreme habitats (extremophiles), while more bacteria live in moderate habitats (mesophiles)
Reproduction: binary fission

4. Differences btw. Archaea & Bacteria
1) shaped like pyramids, cubes, or rods with star cross-sections, 2) Some are photosynthetic, 3) live anaerobically in human guts;
1) shaped like plates or rectangular rods
2) Some aare methanogenetic (produce methane gas as by-product).
3)live anaerobically in cattle guts.
ARCHAEA
BACTERIA

5. Comparing Morphology
Most common forms in both bacteria and archaea are spheres and rods.
Spherical forms are called cocci
Rod forms are called bacilli
Spiral forms are called spirilli
cocci bacilli spirilli

6. Three Types of Extremophiles
Comparing Habitat
Chapter 2: Diversity: From Simple to Complex
Section 2.2
Three Types of Extremophiles
Thermophiles live in hot springs and deep sea vents, enduring temperatures over 100ºC.
Example: Archaea Methanopyrus
Acidophiles live in volcanic craters
and mine drainage lakes, enduring
pH levels lower than 3.
Example: Archaea Picrophilus
Halophiles live in salt lakes and
inland seas, enduring salt concentrations
above 20%.
Example: Archaea Halococcus

7. Comparing Reproduction: Binary Fission
Binary fission is asexual reproduction.
Both domains lack a nucleus therefore the only way to reproduce is asexually.

8. Comparing Reproduction: Conjugation
UNIT 1
Chapter 2: Diversity: From Simple to Complex
Section 2.2
Comparing Reproduction: Conjugation
In less favorable conditions, DNA can be exchanged instead of reproducing by binary fission.
Conjugation= one cell links to another by a pilus (tube) and transfers a copy of some or all of the chromosomes.

9. Classifying Bacteria: Gram Staining
Bacteria that will stain because they contain a thick protein layer on their cell wall are Gram-positive (become purple)
Bacteria that will not stain because they have a thin protein layer are Gram-negative (become pink).

10. Bacteria & Human Health
A)Clostridium botulinum causes food poisoning
B)Streptococcus pyogenes causes strep throat
C)Streptococcus mutans causes tooth decay

11. Homework Read and make notes 2.1 Pgs.59-68
Complete pg. 66 Q# 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 11