1. Kingdom Protista pp

2. Characteristics Single-celled Microscopic Eukaryotic (have nucleus)
May be animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like
Reproduce asexually through binary fission or sexually through conjugation

3. Binary Fission in Paramecium

4. Conjugation in Paramecium

5. Euglena with Flagella

6. Evolution and Adaptations
First eukaryotes-evolved from early bacteria about 1.5 billion yrs ago
Eyespot detects changes in light
Can sense physical and chemical changes in environment
May form a cyst-hard external covering-and become dormant when the environment changes.

7. Eyespots and Binary Fission in Euglena

8. Phylum Sarcodina Amoebas-inhabit water and soil
Pseudopodia-extensions of cytoplasm used for movement, feeding, and getting rid of waste
Cytoplasmic streaming- flowing of cell’s cytoplasm to move
Feed on other protists (heterotrophic)
Contractile vacuole-gets rid of excess water

10. Sarcodines (cont.)
Foraminifera-ancient group of shelled (test) sarcodines found in oceans
Radiolarians-have radial arrangement of spines
Amebic dysentery-amoeba attacks intestinal lining which may be fatal

11. Phylum Ciliophora Cilia-hair-like projections that line cell membrane
Feed on other protists (heterotrophic)
Includes paramecium
Macronucleus-holds copies of DNA
Micronucleus-participates in conjugation

12. Paramecium with Cilia

14. Phylum Zoomastigina
Flagella-long tail-like structures used for movement
Cause African sleeping sickness (fever, coma) transmitted by tsetse fly
Chagas’ disease (fever, heart damage) transmitted by kissing bug
Giardiasis (severe diarrhea) found in contaminated water

15. Phylum Sporozoa Most are parasitic
Toxoplasmosis (birth defects) found in cat feces
Malaria (fever, kidney failure) carried by mosquitos

16. Malaria Life Cycle