1. Cell Division: sexual and asexual reproduction

2. Sexual vs. Asexual Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
Occurs in eukaryotes (multicellular organisms)
Asexual reproduction
MOSTLY occurs in prokaryotes (unicellular)
FEW multicellular organisms use asexual reproduction

3. Asexual Reproduction

4. Asexual Reproduction
One organism produces one or more new organisms that are identical to itself and that live independently of it
Three types
Binary fission
Budding
Regeneration

5. 1. Binary fission Form of asexual reproduction
Occurs in prokaryotes (bacteria)
Parent organism splits into two genetically identical cells

6. 2. Budding Occurs in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
A bud forms from the parent’s cell. The bud grows until it forms a complete new organism with the same genetic material

7. 3. Regeneration
Some animals, when cut in pieces will grow into many animals.

8. Sexual Reproduction Production of offspring from two parents.
Sperm + Egg = Zygote
= 46
Haploid + haploid = diploid

9. Sexual reproduction
Plants growing from seeds and animals growing from eggs are examples of organisms that reproduce through sexual reproduction

10. Categorize
Type
Cell reproduction

11. Compare and Contrast
Comparing and contrasting sexual and asexual reproduction
Venn diagram
Double bubble
Comparison chart
USE PAGES in Cells and Heredity

12. 2. Spores
Molds & fungi form a copy of the DNA and a protective wall around it.
Billions are released; not all survive.

13. 4. Vegetative Propogation
When plants send out “runners” to look for light.

14. Meiosis The production of gametes.
Each new cell has ½ the chromosomes of the parent cell.
Parent cell = diploid (2n) ex. 46 chromosomes
Gamete = haploid (n) ex. 23 chromosomes

15. Prophase I Chromatin coils to chromosomes.
Homologous chromosomes (a pair of chromosomes, each having genes for the same trait) – pair up.
Crossing over – homologous chromosomes exchange genes, increasing genetic variety.

16. Metaphase I
Homologous chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell.

17. Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes are separated.

18. Telophase I & Prophase II
Cell divides into 2 cells
Each cell has ½ the chromosomes.
Identical sister chromatids are still together

19. Metaphase II
Sister chromatids line up on the equator of each cell.

20. Anaphase II
Sister chromatids are separated in each cell.

21. Telophase II Each cell divides into 2 new cells.
4 sperm or eggs have been created, each having ½ the original amount of DNA.

22. Differences Sperm – 4 sperms are made from each parent cell.
Egg – 1 egg is formed, the 3 other cells die.

23. Sex Determination Autosomes – 22 pairs in humans; code for body parts.
Sex chromosomes – 1pair; code for sex
XX = female
XY = male
Karyotype – a picture of the chromosomes

24. Sex Determination
Which sperm gets to the egg first determines the sex.
Some sperms have X sex chromosome; some sperms have Y sex chromosome.
Female always gives an X.

25. Nondisjunction
When the chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis.
Trisomy - the offspring receive too many chromosomes.
Monosomy – the offspring receive too few chromosomes.

26. Trisomy
Down’s Syndrome – trisomy 21 – large tongue, short neck, mental retardation
Klinefelter’s Syndrome – XXY – long arms & legs, breasts, hip fat, bad decision maker

27. Trisomy & Monosomy XYY Syndrome – higher than usual testosterone
Turner’s Syndrome – X – webbed neck, no puberty, elbow deformity