1. The Kingdom Protista
Chapter 20

2. Its Monday so lets move! Partner A stays put, B move to A’s desk A B
Kirk JC
Colin
Kaitlyn B
Kaylee
Kyle
Tat
Jordenne
Tonja
Alex H
Jonathan
Ciera
Kaitlin
Brandon
Rayelle
Tyler
Alexander
Nichole
Katrina
Danika
Sophie
Shay
Sasha
Maazy
Erin
Duncan
Will
Paula
Gabe
Partner A stays put, B move to A’s desk

3. Get to know your partner
5 minutes

4. What is a Protist?
are eukaryotes that are not members of the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi
1st eukaryotic organisms on Earth, appearing nearly 1.5 billion years ago,
more than 200,000 species

5. Classification of Protists
Most protists are classified by their method of obtaining nutrients
Animal-like protists are heterotrophs
(Zooplankton)
Plant-like protists photosynthesize
(Phytoplankton)
Fungus-like protists are parasites or decomposers

6. Animal-Like Protists: Protozoans
The 4 phyla of animal-like protists are distinguished from one another by their means of movement:
Zoomastigina – swim with flagella
Sarcodina – move by extensions of cytoplasm
Ciliophora – move and feed by means of cilia
Sporozoa – do not move on their own and are parasitic

7. Phylum Ciliophora
Animal-like protists that move and feed by means of cilia are known as ciliates
Cilia are hair-like projections similar to flagella
Most ciliates are free living (non parasitic)
Some of the best known ciliates belong to the genus Paramecium

8. Ciliates – Internal Anatomy of the Paramecium
The cilia of a paramecium are organized into evenly spaced rows and bundles that beat in an efficient pattern
A paramecium’s cell membrane has trichocysts
small, bottle-shaped structures used for defense
Paramecium have a macronucleus
a working library of genetic information
Paramecium have a micronucleus
contains a reserve copy of all of the cells genes
Paramecium have a gullet
An indention in one side that traps food particles
Paramecium have an anal pore
Region of the cell membrane used to empty waste materials into the environment
Paramecium have contractile vacuoles
Used to collect and store excess water

9. Ciliate Reproduction
Under most conditions, ciliates reproduce asexually by mitosis and binary fission
However, when placed under stress, cilia may engage in conjugation
During conjugation, 2 cilia attach themselves to each other and exchange genetic information

10. Zooflagellates
Animal-like protists that swim using flagella are classified in the phylum Zoomastigina and are referred to as zooflagellates
Most have either 1 or 2 flagella (although some species have many)

11. Zooflagellates Examples: Absorb food through their cell membranes
Most live in lakes and streams, although some live in the bodies of other organisms
Most reproduce asexually by means of binary fission, although some have a sexual life cycle
Examples:
Giardia – causes
Diarrhea by attaching
to your intestinal wall
Trypanosomes – Blood parasite. Causes African sleeping sickness (vector tse tse fly) T. cruzi causes Chagas disease results in heart failure.

12. Phylum Sarcodina
Sarcodines are animal-like protists that use pseudopods for feeding and movement
Pseudopods (false feet) are temporary projections of cytoplasm
The best known sarcodines are amoebas
Amoeboid movement involves the cytoplasm of the cell streaming into the pseudopod allowing the rest of the cell to follow

13. Sarcodines
Amoebas can capture and digest particles of food and even other cells
To do this, they surround their meal and take it inside to form a food vacuole (a small cavity in the cytoplasm that temporarily stores food)
Amoebas reproduce by means of binary fission

14. Phylum Sporozoa
Members of the phylum Sporozoa are animal-like protists that do not move on their own and are parasitic
The sporozoan Plasmodium, which causes malaria, is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito
As many as 2 million people die from malaria each year

15. Plasmodium Life Cycle