1. Methods of
Reproduction
Focus on Asexual

2. Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism.
Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from the parent organisms.

3. Asexual Reproduction:
requires only 1 parent and the offspring are an exact copy of the parent---a clone

4. Asexual Reproduction:
Organisms that reproduce asexually cannot develop much variety, because they are “copying” the original organism exactly.

5. Some methods of asexual reproduction:
Fission
Budding
Spores
Fragmentation

6. Fission
Single-celled organisms (Amoeba, paramecium, euglena) which use asexual reproduction can do so simply by dividing into two equal halves.
This is called binary fission.
Parent organism divides in half to form offspring
Most common form of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms

7. When conditions are good, such as plenty of water, food, right temperatures, etc., binary fission is a very effective way of producing many, many offspring.
For example, the cell of a Paramecium can divide, grow, and divide again in the space of 8 hours.

8. Budding- an offspring grows out of the body of the parent.
Offspring develops from a “bud”
It separates to form a new organism

9. Budding Examples Hydra Budding Cactus Budding Yeast Budding
In yeasts the cell does not divide equally in two halves; instead, there is a large mother cell and a smaller daughter cell.
Hydra Budding
offspring
Cactus Budding
Yeast Budding

10. Spores Spores-Unicellar “seeds” Parent releases spores
Each spore will develop into an organism identical to parent

11. Spore Examples
Fungi
Algae
Protozoa
Mold

12. Fragmentation
In this form, the body of the parent breaks into distinct pieces, each of which can produce an offspring.
Pieces of coral broken off in storms
can grow into new colonies.
A new starfish can grow from
one detached arm.

13. Fragmentation- plant cuttings
Some plants can grow from cutting them up and replanting them.

14. Green plants are quite sophisticated in their methods of asexual reproduction. Offspring may be produced by runners, bulbs, rhizomes or tubers.