1. Section 6.2
Marine Biology

2. Marine Bacteria General characteristics
simple, ________________ organization: no nuclei or membrane-bound organelles, few genes, nonliving cell wall
reproduce asexually by binary fission
many shapes and sizes
_____________—rod shape
_____________—spherical shape
Example:

3. Figure 6-6 BACTERIA AND NUTRIENT CYCLING.

4. Nutritional Types _______________________ (blue-green bacteria)
photosynthetic bacteria which are found in environments high in dissolved oxygen, and produce free oxygen
store excess photosynthetic products as cyanophycean starch and oils
primary photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b
accessory pigments include carotenoids and phycobilins

5. (a) Cyanobacteria – Free oxygen produced
Light energy
Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Water
(H2O)
Oxygen
(O2)
Carbohydrates
(CH2O)x
(a) Cyanobacteria – Free oxygen produced
Light energy
Hydrogen sulfide
(H2S)
Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Sulfate
(SO42–)
Carbohydrates
(CH2O)x
(b) Purple and green bacteria – No free oxygen produced
Stepped Art
Fig. 6-8, p. 132

6. Nutritional Types (Cyanobacteria)
Cyanobacteria (con’t)
________________ adaptation—response of pigment composition to the quality of light in the sea
may exist as single cells or form dense mats held together by mucilage
form associates called ___________________—a coral-like mound of microbes that trap sediment and precipitate minerals in shallow tropical seas

7. Nutritional Types Other photosynthetic bacteria
______________ green and purple sulfur and non-sulfur bacteria do not produce oxygen
the primary photosynthetic pigments are bacteriochlorophylls
sulfur bacteria are obligate anaerobes (tolerating no oxygen)
non-sulfur bacteria are ___________________(respiring when in low oxygen or in the dark and photosynthesizing anaerobically when in the presence of light)

8. Figure 6-8 (b) BACTERIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

9. Nutritional Types ___________________ bacteria
use energy derived from chemical reactions that involve substances such as ammonium ion, sulfides and elemental sulfur, nitrites, hydrogen, and ferrous ion
chemosynthesis is less _____________ than photosynthesis, so rates of cell growth and division are slower
found around __________________vents and some shallower habitats where needed materials are available in abundance

10. Figure 6-10 CHEMOSYNTHESIS.

11. Nutritional Types ______________________ bacteria
decomposers that obtain energy and materials from organic matter in their surroundings
return many chemicals to the marine environment through respiration and fermentation
populate the surface of organic particles suspended in the water by secreting _______________ (glue-like substance)

12. Nutritional Types (Heterotrophic Bacteria)
association of heterotrophic bacteria with particles in the water column aids with:
_______________adjacent particles adhere
______________: formation of mineral cement between particles
______________: settling of particles
marine snow: large, cobweb-like drifting structures formed by mucus secreted by many kinds of plankton, where particles may accumulate