1. Figurative Language English 11 Honors

2. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Metaphor
a figure of speech which makes a direct comparison of two unlike objects by identification or substitution.
Metaphors are composed of two parts:
The vehicle is the thing being named and replacing the subject or tenor
The tenor is the idea expressed by the metaphor
For example: in “All the world's a stage” (William Shakespeare, As You Like It)
Vehicle = stage
Tenor = world
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

3. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Simile
a direct comparison of two unlike objects, using like, than, or as.
The holy time is quiet as a nun
(William Wordsworth,
"On the Beach at Calais")
And like a thunderbolt he falls
(Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "The Eagle")
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

4. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Personification
figure of speech in which objects and animals have human qualities.
Into the jaws of Death,
Into the mouth of Hell.
(Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "The Charge of the Light Brigade")
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

5. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Apostrophe
addressing a person or personified object not present.
Little Lamb, who made thee?
(William Blake, "The Lamb")
O loss of sight, of thee I most complain!
(John Milton, "Samson Agonistes")
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

6. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Hyperbole
gross exaggeration for effect; overstatement.
Love you ten years before the Flood,
(Andrew Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress")
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

7. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Irony
the contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning.
The three most common categories of irony are:
Verbal irony
Situational irony
Dramatic irony
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

8. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
verbal irony
meaning one thing and saying another.
“It is a truth universally acknowledged , that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”
-- (Jane Austen, Pride and prejudice)
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

9. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
situational irony
when the reality of a situation differs from the anticipated or intended effect; when something unexpected occurs.
What rough beast, its hour come round at last
Slouches toward Bethlehem to be born?
(William Butler Yeats, "The Second Coming")
[The second coming of Christ is intended, but a rough beast will come instead.]
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

10. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Dramatic Irony
When the audience has information that a character(s) does not. It serves to heighten the audience’s level of engagement; it creates suspense.
“For whoso slew that king might have a mind To strike me too with his assassin hand.” -- Oedipus
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

11. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Dramatic Irony
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

12. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Cosmic Irony
A.k.a. irony of fate or incorrectly as karma, cosmic irony is a type of situational irony dealing with the perception that gods or fate toys with aspirations and deeds
The Titanic was toted as unsinkable
In 1982 the Reagan administration cut funding to metrification programs – in 1998 the Mars Climate Orbiter missed the orbit and burned up in the atmosphere, costing $193 million because of an English/metric error.
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

13. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Symbolism
the use of one object to suggest another, hidden object or idea.
In Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken," the fork in the road represents a major decision in life, each road a separate way of life.
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

14. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Imagery
the use of words to represent things, actions, or ideas by sensory description.
He clasps the crag with crooked hands;
Close to the sun in lonely lands,
Ringed with the azure world, he stands.
The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;
He watches from his mountain walls,
And like a thunderbolt he falls.
(Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "The Eagle")
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

15. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Paradox
a statement which appears self-contradictory, but underlines a basis of truth.
Elected silence, sing to me.
(Gerard Manley Hopkins, "The Habit of Perfection")
Were her first years the Golden Age; that's true,
But now she's gold oft-tried and ever-new.
(John Donne, "The Autumnal")
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

16. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Oxymoron
contradictory terms brought together to express a paradox for strong effect.
Beautiful tyrant! fiend angelical!
Dove-feathered raven! wolvish-ravening lamb!
(William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet )
Figurative Language English 11 Honors

17. Figurative Language English 11 Honors
Allusion
a reference to an outside fact, event, or other source.
World-famous golden-thighed Pythagoras
Fingered upon a fiddle-stick or strings
What a star sang and careless Muses heard
(William Butler Yeats, "Among School Children"
[Pythagoras--Greek mathematician; Muses---mythological goddesses of beauty and music]
Figurative Language English 11 Honors