1. Winnipeg area ground school OCdt Pesto
Radio
Winnipeg area ground school
OCdt Pesto

2. Teaching Points Radiotelephone Procedures Phraseology
Radio Communication Facilities and Ground Stations
Phonetic Alphabet
Aircraft Call Signs

3. teaching points cont. Time Standard Phrases Priority of Communication
Distress
Urgency
Safety

4. Why radios?
The vast airway radio networks offer a rapid and reliable means of communication, weather, and air navigation over large distances
They have been perfected to the point where it has come to be regarded in the present day world of aviation as indispensable
However, it should never be completely dependant on. Radios can and do occasionally fail

5. Radiotelephone procedures
Using correct procedure is essential to ensuring an efficient exchange of communication
This is even more important when lives and property are at stake
It is also necessary for the sharing of “air time” in a crowded radio space

6. radiotelephone procedures cont.
Radios installed in any civil aircraft may only be operated by persons holding a radio operator’s licence- Restricted Radiotelephone Operator’s Certificate

7. Phraseology
Standard Phraseology is recommended in the interest of clarity and brevity
It is not compulsory for a pilot to use these phrases, however, use of the standard phrases do provide a uniformity in transmission

8. radio communication facilities
Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
Control Tower
Ground Control
Terminal Arrival and Departure Control
Flight Service Stations (FSS)

9. automatic terminal information services
Non control information relating to airport information, weather, NOTAMS etc.
Recorded by tower personnel and is continuously broadcasted on a loop on a specific frequency
Each recording is identified with a phonetic alphabet code letter and is updated each time there is a change

11. control tower Ensures the safe and efficient movement of air traffic
They are in charge of all landings, takeoffs, and VFR traffic in the airspace

12. Ground Control
Responsible for all the aircraft on the ground save for the a/c landing or taking off

13. terminal area and departure control
Arrival control is provided to expedite the flow of IFR flights inbound within a terminal control area
Departure control provides the same for outbound IFR flights

14. flight service stations
Personal are trained to provide flight safety to pilots
Can also be used to file flight plans and get weather information along a planned route

15. All specific frequencies for airport services will be in the Canadian Flight Supplement

16. ground stations
Ground radio facilities are identified by their names. Examples include…

17. Airport Radio- Community Aerodrome Radio Station Remote Communication Outlet Mandatory Frequency
Approach- ATC Approach Control
Apron- Apron Advisory Control
Arrival- ATC Arrival Control
Centre- Area Control Centre
Clearance Delivery- Clearance Delivery
Commet- Commet
Departure- ATC Departure Control

18. Ground- Airport Ground Control
Information- Flight Information Centre
Metro- Pilot Forecaster
Precision Radar- Precision Radar Approach Facility (PAR)
Radar- Enroute Radar Facility
Radio- Flight Service Station
Surveillance Radar- Surveillance Approach Radar Facility (ASR)
Terminal- Terminal Control Unit
Tower- Airport Control Tower
UNICOM- or Aerodrome Traffic Frequency

19. phonetic alphabet
To avoid confusion due to the similarity in sound of some letters of the alphabet, a phonetic alphabet has been devised
It is used for single letters or to spell out words

20. phonetic alphabet A- Alpha B- Bravo O- Oscar C- Charlie P- Papa
D- Delta
E- Echo
F- Foxtrot
G- Golf
O- Oscar
P- Papa
Q- Quebec
R- Romeo
S- Sierra
T- Tango
H- Hotel
I- India
J- Juliet
K- Kilo
L- Lima
M- Mike
N- November
U- Uniform
V- Victor
W- Whiskey
X- Xray
Y- Yankee
Z- Zulu

21. aircraft call signs
During radio communication, the letters of your aircraft must be expressed in phonetics at all times
On initial contact, you must give the manufacturer’s name or type of the aircraft, followed by the four letters of registration
In subsequent communications, and only after ATC has started, the call letters may be shortened to the last three letters

22. Time The 24 hour system is used when expressing time over the radio
The first two numbers symbolize the hour and the second two symbolize the minuets after the hour
Starting at 0000hrs and ending at 2359hrs

23. standard phrases
Standard phrases are used in radio talk to create a unified speech that is clear, precise, and easy to understand
Again, it is not compulsory, but it is much easier

24. standard phrases cont.
Acknowledge- “Let me know you have received and understood the message”
Affirmative- “Yes”
Break- “I hereby indicate the separation between portions of the message”
Confirm- “My version is… is that correct?”
Correction- “I have made an error. The correct version is…”

25. standard phrases cont.
Do you read?- “I have called you more than once. If you are receiving me, reply”
Go ahead- “Proceed with your message”
How do you read me?
I say again- “I will repeat”
Negative- “ No”

26. standard phrases cont.
Out- “My transmission is ended. I do not expect a reply from you”
Over- “My transmission is ended. I expect a reply from you”
Read back- “Repeat this message back to me after I have given”
Roger- “Okay. I have received your message”
Say again- “Repeat” (never use the word repeat)

27. standard phrases cont. Speak slower
Stand by- “I must pause for a few seconds.” If the pause is to be longer than a few seconds, add the word “out”
That is correct
Verify- “Check with the originator”
Wilco- “Your instructions received, understood, and will be complied with

28. priority of communication
Priority of comms is set out and applied by flight service stations
They are used to alleviate the airways for the aircraft that is most needing to communicate

29. Priority of communication cont.
Emergency Communications (Distress and Urgency)
Flight Safety Comms (ATC clearance, airport advisories, position reports, airfile flight plans)

30. Priority of communication cont.
Scheduled Broadcasts
Unscheduled Broadcasts
Other air-ground Comms

31. distress
Your first call should be made on the air-ground frequency that is at use at the time
Then on the general distress frequency MHz
It should be repeated on intervals until answered

32. distress cont.
The distress call format is the word MAYDAY three times followed by your aircraft identification three times
If time permits, your message should include; position, altitude, type of aircraft, your emergency, and your intended action

33. urgency
This call signals concern for safety of a ship, or aircraft, or some person on board or within sight
The urgency format is the word PANPAN three times followed by your message

34. safety
This signals that a station is about to transmit a message concerning the safety of navigation or important meteorological warnings to aircraft in flight
The call format is the word SECURITY repeated three times

35. Radios
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