1. PLANT REPRODUCTION

2. I. Sexual Reproduction
*pollen – a structure that contains the male gametophyte
*ovule – a structure that contains a female gametophyte
*pollination – the transfer of pollen grains from the male reproductive structure of a plant to the female reproductive structure of a plant

3. Flower Reproductive Structures

4. A. Flowers (Angiosperms)
Basic Flower Structure:
petals – one of the ring/rings of brightly colored leaf-shaped parts of a flower
sepals – outermost whorl (ring of leaves) that protect the flower bud
stamen – male reproductive structure of a flower that produces pollen and consists of an anther at the tip of a filament
pistil/carpal – female reproductive part of a flower that produces seeds and consists of an ovary, style, and stigma

5. Basic Flower Structure
(Carpal)
Receptacle

6. B. Cones (Gymnosperms)
*consist of whorls (circles) of modified leaves called scales
*many gymnosperms produce both male and female cones on the same plant; in some, male and female cones form on
separate plants

7. Two Types of Cones:
male cones (pollen cones) – produce pollen grains
female cones (seed cones) – produce ovules

8. Male vs. Female Cones

9. C. Seed Structure:
seed coat – outer layer of seed; protects the embryo
endosperm – nutritious tissue in seed; may not be present in a mature seed because it has already been used up
embryo – a new developing sporophyte
cotyledon – leaf-like structure or seed leaves

10. Seed Structure

11. II. Asexual Reproduction
1. vegetative reproduction – reproduction of plants from non-reproductive parts
Stems Modified for Vegetative Propagation:
ex: runners
bulbs all are types
corms of modified stems
rhizomes
tubers

12. Vegetative Reproduction

13. 2. plant propagation – the practice of reproducing plants from seeds or from vegetative parts
Methods of Vegetative Plant Propagation:
ex: budding & grafting
cuttings
tissue cultures

14. Methods of Plant Propagation