1. Grade 10 science Nicole Klement 2011
Cell Division Mitosis
Grade 10 science
Nicole Klement
2011

2. Cells go through a cycle
Most of their lives they are working at what ever job is their job:
Ex: skin cells -protect,
red blood cells- transport oxygen,
nerve cells- transport signals etc
There comes a point when they have to divide (usually when healing from trauma, when organism growth occurs, sometimes due to cancer)
Division is a small portion of the cell cycle but we will be focussing on it in this particular lesson

3. Diagram of the cell cycle

4. Mitosis
Mitosis is the process of cell division which produces two daughter cells from a single parent cell.
The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.

5. MEMORIZE THIS MNEUMONIC!~~
Phases of Mitosis
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase I P M A T
MEMORIZE THIS MNEUMONIC!~~

6. Interphase The cell prepares for mitosis
Chromosomes duplicate in the nucleus

7. Prophase Chromosomes shorten and thicken
Membrane around the nucleus disappears
The chromatin, diffuse in interphase, condenses into chromosomes. Each chromosome has duplicated and now consists of two sister chromatids.  

8. Metaphase Duplicated/
paired chromosomes line up in the middle of the nucleus

9. Anaphase
Spindle fibres pull duplicated/paired chromosomes apart to the opposite end of the cell

10. Telophase Cell begins to pinch in two
New nuclear membrane starts to form
Cytokinesis -division of the cytoplasm into equal parts

11. Conclusion
Each new cell ends up with the same amount of genetic material as the original cell.
Both daughter cells are identical to the parent cells.

12. Discussion Question
How many chromosomes would you expect to find in each daughter cell after mitosis?
Predict what might happen to each daughter cell if all the chromosomes moved to only one side of the cell during anaphase.
Why is it necessary to duplicate the nuclear material?

13. Diseases caused by faulty cell division (Mitosis or Meiosis)
1. Cancer
Ex: The rate of cell division is usually strictly controlled. The division and thus growth of cancer cells is not controlled. They just go on dividing and growing, out of control.
2. Genetically based diseases & Syndromes
Ex: Down Syndrome

14. Your Chromosomes
A photograph showing the number, shapes and sizes of chromosomes in a cell.
All pairs of chromosomes are homologus (identical in size and shape) except the sex chromosomes (23rd pair)
One chromosome comes from the father (paternal) one chromosome comes from the mother (maternal

15. Down Syndrome Chromosomes (kariotype)
Karyotype photograph of the entire set of chromosomes. 23 pairs for a total of 46
In Down Syndrome-trisomic for chromosome 21, carries an extra chromosome

16. Cancer
Overactive mitosis (too much cell division too fast) can lead to the formation of a tumor – called neoplasia or “cancer”.
The cells in our body need to reproduce through division, but when cell division gets out of control it starts causing problems . 16

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