1. Cell Cycle & Mitosis

2. Making connections… Product of DNA Replication = A new copy of DNA
Product of Cell Division = A new cell (daughter cell)
** DNA Replication must occur so the new daughter cell will have an identical copy of the DNA.

3. Cell Division
Cell division = the process by which a cell divides into 2 new cells

4. Why do cells need to divide?
1.Living things grow by producing more cells, NOT because each cell increases in size
2. Repair/Replacement of damaged tissue

5. Box Jumps and the story of 10 stitches! MITOSIS!!!

6. Cell Cycle The cell cycle is split into 3 stages:
Interphase (G1 + S + G2)
The cell prepares to divide
Longest of all the stages
G1 (Gap 1) - The cell grows
S (Synthesis) - The DNA and organelles are replicated
G2 (Gap 2) - Cell growth and checks to make sure cell is ready to divide

7. Cell Cycle 2. Mitosis (M-Phase) Nuclear division Nucleus divides
4 Phases (PMAT)
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

8. Cell Cycle 3. Cytokinesis
Cell splits (cytoplasm splits) into 2 identical cells called daughter cells.

10. Mitosis Vocabulary
Chromosome - Tightly condensed (coiled) DNA wrapped around proteins.
Humans have 46 chromosomes

11. Mitosis Vocab
Chromosomes are only visible (they condense) when cell is preparing to divide
Condenses Replicates
Chromatin Chromosome Replicated Chromosome

13. Mitosis Vocabulary
Homologous Chromosomes - The cell has 2 sets of each chromosome (one from each parent). They have similar gene location and size.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell

14. Chromosome Video
Video (watch til 1:40)

15. Okay, back to the Cell Cycle...
The cell will first undergo Interphase
**The cell grows
** DNA replicates and organelles replicate
Need to have 2 of everything so another identical cell can be formed!
** The cell is now ready to undergo Mitosis

16. Mitosis Prophase (PMAT) Chromosomes form (DNA condenses)
Nuclear envelope breaks down
Special microtubules called spindle fibers form from the centrioles

17. Mitosis 2. Metaphase (PMAT)
Chromosomes line up down the middle (equator) of the cell
Spindle fibers attach to the center of the chromosomes (Centromeres)

18. Mitosis 3. Anaphase (PMAT)
Chromosomes are pulled to the opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers (Sister chromatids are separated)

19. Mitosis 4. Telophase (PMAT) 2 new cells begin to form
Nucleus reappears around both sets of DNA

20. Mitosis
Video (8:26)

21. Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm
**In Animals: Cell membrane forms a cleavage furrow to pinch off to form 2 identical cells

22. Cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm
**In Plants: A cell plate is developed during telophase and forms the new cell wall so cell can divide

23. Mitosis Video
Mitosis under the microscope (1:36)

24. Mitosis Worksheet Complete “Ch.11 Cell Reproduction” worksheet
Do only the front side
Save the back for later
When finished, bring to me to check.
When your worksheet is correct, I will give you the next one - “Mitosis” - this one is due tomorrow - finish for homework.

25. Animal vs Plant Mitosis
Animals
Plants
Have centrioles
No centrioles
Cleavage furrow appears during telophase
Cell plate forms during telophase and turns into the cell wall

26. Asexual Reproduction
The process where one parent cell splits into 2 genetically identical individuals. This produces clones and there is no genetic variation
*It is mitosis!

27. Types of asexual reproduction
Budding
Binary fission
Sporulation
Regeneration
Vegetative Propagation
**See reading**

28. Cancer Cell division is controlled by the body
Cells are triggered to divide when new cells are needed
When the cell cycle is messed up, the cells can divide uncontrollably
This results in tumors (balls of cells) that can lead to cancer

29. Tumor deposits on a liver

30. Cancer
Normal cells have contact inhibition and stop dividing when they touch
Cells will only be one layer thick

32. Chromosome Number
Every organism has its own specific number of chromosomes
Examples:
Humans = 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
Dogs = 78 chromosomes or 39 pairs
Goldfish = 94 chromosomes or 47 pairs
Lettuce = 18 chromosomes or 9 pairs

33. Chromosome Number
The total number of chromosomes is called the diploid (2n) number (2 sets of each chromosome; humans = 46)
**Found in somatic (body) cells
The number of pairs or half the number of chromosomes is called the haploid (n) number (1 set; humans = 23)
** Found in gametes (egg/sperm) cells

34. Chromosome Number Examples: Humans = 46 chromosomes
Human skin cell = _____ chromosomes
Human heart cell = ____ chromosomes
Human muscle cell = ____ chromosomes
Human egg cell = ____ chromosomes
Human gamete cell = ___ chromosomes

35. Chromosome Number Examples: Humans = 46 chromosomes
Human skin cell = __46___ chromosomes
Human heart cell = __46__ chromosomes
Human muscle cell = __46__ chromosomes
Human egg cell = __23__ chromosomes
Human gamete cell = _23__ chromosomes

36. Organism
Body cell
Gamete
Sperm
Diploid
Egg
Chimpanzee cell has 48 chrom.
Frog sex cell has 23 chrom.
Diploid duck cell has 80 chrom.

37. Organism
Body cell
Gamete
Sperm
Diploid
Egg
Chimpanzee cell has 48 chrom. 48 24
Frog sex cell has 23 chrom. 46 23
Diploid duck cell has 80 chrom. 80 40