1. The CELL CYCLE
AND MITOSIS!

3. Interphase Longest stage in the cell cycle
The stage in which cells carry out the functions necessary for survival:
Growth and preparation
DNA replication
Continued growth and replication

4. Mitosis Usually the shortest stage
The stage in which the contents of the cell’s nucleus divides into two equal parts
The phases of mitosis:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

5. Prophase Chromosomes condense Spindle fibres form
Chromosomes attach to the spindle fibres at their centromeres
Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear

6. Metaphase
Spindle fibres pull the X-shaped chromosomes into a single line across the middle of the cell (equator)

7. Anaphase Spindle fibres begin to contract and shorten
Centromere pulls apart
Chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

8. Telophase One complete set of chromosomes is at each pole of the cell
Spindle fibres begin to disappear
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus forms in each cell
Cell is ready to divide

9. Cytokinesis
Seperates the two nuclei and cell contents into two daughter cells.

10. Checkpoints in the Cell Cycle
Cells will not divide:
Not enough nutrients
DNA has not replicated
DNA is damaged

11. Cancer
If a mutation occurs in the checkpoint protein gene, cell cycle control will be lost. A damaged cell may divide uncontrollably.
Cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell growth.
How cancer grows