1. Cell Differentiation The Cell Cycle Cell Cycle Regulation Cancer
Unit 2 Part 2- Test Review
Cell Differentiation
The Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Regulation
Cancer

2. Cell Differentiation
The fertilized egg gives rise to many different types of cells in a multicellular organism. Each cell has a particular structure and function. This is called differentiation.
Even though cells are differentiated, they have the SAME DNA in their nucleus.
The activated DNA “genes” determine the cells structure and function.
Once a cell specializes, it can not be reversed!

3. Stem Cells
Undifferentiated cells that have the ability to divide and renew themselves for long periods of time, remain undifferentiated in form, and develop into a variety of specialized cells.

4. The Cell Cycle
Three Parts 1) Interphase 2) Mitosis 3) Cytokinesis

5. The Cell Cycle- Mitosis

6. Chromosome Karyotype- A picture of chromosomes in order.
Autosomes- Chromosome Numbers 1-22
Sex Chromosomes
#23
XX Female
XY Male

7. Haploid vs Diploid Cells
Diploid cells contain all 46 chromosomes
Described as “2n”
All other cells in the body
Haploid cells contain only 23 chromosomes
Described as “n”
Only EGG and SPERM cells

8. Cellular Division
Prokaryotes (Single celled Bacteria) divide via Binary Fission- break off to form two new cells
Eukaryotes (Unicellular or Multicellular) divide via Mitosis (Nuclear Division)
One parent cell divides via MITOSIS into two identical daughter cells

9. Cell Cycle Regulation

10. Cell Cycle Regulation

11. Cell Cycle Regulation Apoptosis- programmed cell death
Carcinogen- Substances known to produce or promote the development of cancer.
Cancer- uncontrolled cell division
Benign- usually localized and harmless
Malignant- can leave location (metastasize) and travel through blood and lymph system. Harmful.