1. Cellular Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 9:
Cellular Basis of Inheritance

2. 9.1 All Cells Come From Cells
9.1 All Cells Come From Cells

3. Why do cells reproduce? 1. Replace dead and worn-out cells
Why do cells reproduce?
1. Replace dead and worn-out cells
2. Add new cells=growth
3. Reproduction of new organisms (to continue species)

4. Intro to Cell Reproduction
Intro to Cell Reproduction

5. 2 Types of Cell Reproduction
2 Types of Cell Reproduction
Sexual
Asexual

6. Asexual Reproduction

7. Asexual Reproduction Used in unicellular organisms
Asexual Reproduction
Used in unicellular organisms
Offspring identical to parents
Ex: Paramecium
Some multicellular organisms can reproduce asexually!

8. Sexual Reproduction

9. Sexual Reproduction 2 parents involved
Sexual Reproduction
2 parents involved
Genetic material comes from each
Occurs with a special form of cell reproduction
New cells are NOT identical to parent cells

10. Vocab in 9.1
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction

11. The Cell Cycle Multiplies Cells
Concept 9.2
The Cell Cycle Multiplies Cells

12. Chromosomes & Cell Division
Chromosomes & Cell Division
Genetic info is carried on chromosomes
Chromatin is long and thin, not visible
Chromosomes are short, thick & visible
BEFORE cell division each chromosome is copied
2 copies=sister chromatids
Centromere= holds copies together

13. Cell Cycle

14. Cell Cycle Length depends on cell type Some cells don’t divide…
Cell Cycle
Length depends on cell type
Some cells don’t divide…
Begins with “birth” of cell
2 Phases
Interphase
Mitotic Phase

15. Interphase

16. Interphase 90% of cell cycle time Performs daily functions
Interphase
90% of cell cycle time
Performs daily functions
Prepares for cell division
Broken into 3 parts:
G1= Gap 1; growth and replication
S= Synthesis; DNA duplicates
G2= Gap 2; final preparations

17. Mitotic Phase

18. Mitotic Phase When cell is actual dividing 2 Phases
Mitotic Phase
When cell is actual dividing
2 Phases
Mitosis=division of the nucleus
Cytokinesis= division of everything outside nucleus
Produces 2 identical cells
Very accurate!

19. 9.2 Vocab Chromatin Chromosome Centromere Sister chromatids Interphase
9.2 Vocab
Chromatin
Chromosome
Centromere
Sister chromatids
Interphase
Mitosis
cytokinesis
Cell cycle

20. Cells Divide During Mitotic Phase
Concept 9.3
Cells Divide During Mitotic Phase

21. Remember… DNA has already copied Mitosis is a continual process
Remember…
DNA has already copied
Mitosis is a continual process
Broken into 4 Stages

22. Mitosis-Preview

23. Prophase

24. Prophase Chromatin becomes chromosomes=visible Nucleolus disappears
Prophase
Chromatin becomes chromosomes=visible
Nucleolus disappears
Nuclear membrane disappears
Spindle fibers form

25. Metaphase

26. Metaphase Chromatids attach to spindle fibers
Metaphase
Chromatids attach to spindle fibers
Chromatics move to line up in center

27. Anaphase Sister chromatids separate from each other
Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate from each other
Each chromatid is now a chromosome
Chromosomes move to poles

28. Telophase Chromosomes reach poles Reverse of Prophase
Telophase
Chromosomes reach poles
Reverse of Prophase
Spindle disappears
2 nuclear membranes form
Chromosomes uncoil to chromatin
Nucleolus reappear

29. Cytokinesis Division of cytoplasm and contents
Cytokinesis
Division of cytoplasm and contents
Usually occurs along with telophase

30. Cytokinesis in Plant vs. Animal
Cytokinesis in Plant vs. Animal
Animal
1st sign is indentation in cell membrane
Plant
Can’t pinch so…
New cell wall (cell plate) forms from center out

31. 9.3 Vocab Spindle Centrosomes Centrioles Prophase metaphase Anaphase
9.3 Vocab
Spindle
Centrosomes
Centrioles
Prophase
metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Cell plate

32. Cell Cycle & Mitosis Review
Cell Cycle & Mitosis Review

34. Cancer cells grow and divide out of control…
Concept 9.4
Cancer cells grow and divide out of control…

35. Cancer…

36. Tumors and Cancer Tumor= large mass of cells
Tumors and Cancer
Tumor= large mass of cells
Benign tumor= consists of normal cells
Surgery is an option
Location may cause health problems
Malignant tumor= consists of cancer cells
Cancer= cells who’ve lost control of cell cycle
Can lead to death
Replace normal cells as they grow
Metastasis=cells break off and relocate

37. Cancer Treatment Surgery= remove cancerous cells
Cancer Treatment
Surgery= remove cancerous cells
Radiation= high energy radiation interrupts cell division
Chemotherapy= uses drugs to stop cell cycle
Last 2 have undesirable side effects

38. Vocab 9.4
Benign tumor
Malignant tumor
Cancer
Metastasis